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Q31. Difference between Abstraction and Implementation hiding ?

Ans. Implementation Hiding is a broader concept. Abstraction is a way of implementation hiding in OOP's.

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Q32. What are the examples of Abstraction in Java ?

Ans. function calling - hides implementation details
wrapper classes
new operator - Creates object in memory, calls constructor

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Q33. what will be the output ?

class Animal {
public void eat() throws Exception {
}
}

class Dog2 extends Animal {
public void eat(){}
public static void main(){
Animal an = new Dog2();
an.eat();
}
}

Core Java

Ans. Compile Time Error: Unhandled exception type Exception

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Q34. Will this code Work ? If not , Why ?

java.util.Calendar c = new java.util.Calendar();

Core Java

Ans. No. It gives the error "Cannot Instantiate the type Calendar". Calendar is an abstract class and hence Calendar object should be instantiated using Calendar.getInstance().

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Q35. Is java.util.Date an abstract Class ? Is java.util.Calendar an abstract Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Date is not a abstract class whereas Calendar is.

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Q36. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q37. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Frequently asked in face to face interviews.

Q38. Write a program to print fibonacci series.

Core Java

Ans. int count = 15;
int[] fibonacci = new int[count];
fibonacci[0] = 0;
fibonacci[1] = 1;
for(int x=2; x < count; x++){
fibonacci[x] = fibonacci[x-1] + fibonacci[x-2];
}

for(int x=0; x< count; x++){
System.out.print(fibonacci[x] + " ");
}

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Q39. What is ADT or Abtstract Data Type ?

Core Java

Ans. ADT is a container which holds different types of objects with specifications.

For example - Stack, Array, Liked list, Tree

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Q40. Why can't we declare a class abstract as well as final ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract means that the class is only meant to be subclassed whereas final means that it cannot be subclassed so both concepts - abstract and final are actually mutually exclusive and hence not permitted together.

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Q41. In the following code , how many methods needs to be implemented in Class B ?

public interface A{
   public void method1();
   public void method2();
   public void method3();
}

abstract class B implements A{
}

Core Java

Ans. As Class B has been declared abstract , we can either implement any of these methods and just declare rest of them abstract.

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Q42. What should a class do if its extending an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. It should either implement the abstract methods or re-declare them abstract.

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Frequently asked to Fresh graduates.

Q43. Write a program to implement Binary search ?

Core Java

Ans. http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/11model/BinarySearch.java.html

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Q44. Can we declare a main method as abstract ?

Ans. No. Static methods cannot be overridden and hence make no sense to be declared abstract.

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Q45. When should we use Abstract classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as inheritance ( extending abstract class ). So they should be used in place of interfaces in case there is some code ( methods ) or object body ( member elements ) that can be reused with inheritance.

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Q46. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Q47. Write program to create a linked list and perform different operations on it.

Algorithm

Ans. import java.util.*;
class LinkedListSolution{
protected LinkedList list;
public LinkedListSolution(){
list = new LinkedList();
}
public Object pop() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.removeFirst();
}
public void push(Object obj){
list.addFirst(obj);
}
public Object peek() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.getFirst();
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return list.isEmpty();
}
public String toString(){
return list.toString();
}
}
class TestStack{
public static void main(String args[]){
LinkedListSolution s = new LinkedListSolution();
s.push("First");
s.push("Second");
s.push("Third");
System.out.println("Top: " s.peek());
s.push("Fourth");
while(!(s.isEmpty()))
System.out.println(s.pop());
}
}

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Q48. write program to do matrix multiplication

Core Java

^{This question was recently asked at 'Kony Labs'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q49. Can we override abstract methods ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract methods are the methods that need to be overridden in the derived class ( either as implementing method or again abstract method ) so it's not only allowed but its required to override abstract method in the derived class.

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Q50. Can we override an abstract method with abstract method in the derived class ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes, but in that case the derived class itself should be abstract. We cannot have an object of a class without definition for the method which has been declared abstract in the parent.

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Q51. Difference between log4j and slf4j ?

Logging

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Q52. What was the need of creating an abstract class in Java when we cannot instantiate an object of it ?

Core Java

Ans. The objective of an abstract class is to provide an interface as well as code reuse. Though we cannot instantiate an instance of abstract class but we can reuse the code by extending such a class. Moreover abstract class provides interfacing to outside components just like interfaces.

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Q53. Why can't we create an instance of abstract class ? Why is it restricted by compiler ?

Core Java

Ans. Because Abstract class is incomplete i.e there are abstract methods that needs to be defined by extending classes.

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Q54. What is synchronization ?

Core Java

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Q55. What is JVM ?

Core Java

Ans. JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms (i.e. JVM is platform dependent).Runtime Instance Whenever you write java command on the command prompt to run the java class, an instance of JVM is createdThe JVM performs following operation:Loads codeVerifies codeExecutes codeProvides runtime environment

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Q56. What is the importance of Abstract Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as code reuse through inheritance ( extending abstract class )

Comparing to concrete class they have an advantage of providing interface which a concrete class doesn't provide.

Comparing to interfaces they have an advantage of providing code reuse through inheritance which interfaces dont provide.

Sample Code for abstract class

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Q57. Write a Program for insertion sort.

Core Java

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Q58. What are the uses of Abstraction ?

Core Java

Ans. Loose Coupling
Facilitates designing complex applications by making them modular.

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Q59. What are the advantage of Abstract classes over interfaces with respect to Java 7 ? and What changed in Java 8 to help facilitate that in Java 8 ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract Classes provide default implementations of methods that are inherited by the classes that extend them, which was not the case for Interfaces. This changed in Java 8, where default implementations are provided for methods.

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Q60. how does abstraction help your application ?

Core Java

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