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  Q41. What is a self Join and give an example of a self Join ?

or

What is self Join and What is it's purpose ?
Database
Ans. When a Table Join itself , it's a Self Join. For example - we like to know the pair of department names where first dept has lesser employees than the later.

Select D1.name , D2.name from Dept D1, Dept D2 where D1.employee_count < D2.employee_count

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     sql  joins  self join  self-join  Pair of employee names with first having lesser salary than later  Pair of department names where first dept has lesser employees than the later     Asked in 26 Companies      basic        frequent


  Q42. What is database Normalization ?Database
Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     normalization  database     Asked in 35 Companies      intermediate        frequent


  Q43. What is the difference between authentication and authorization ?Authentication
Ans. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity and credentials of the user to authenticate him into the system.

whereas

Authorization is the process by which access to a segment , method or resource is determined.

Authorization is usually a step next to authentication.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     authentication  authorization  authentication vs authorization     Asked in 9 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q44. What is Amazon S3 ?Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Ans. Amazon Simple Storage Service or S3 is object storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     aws  amazon s3  aws s3  aws storage  amazon cloud storage  amazon s3     Asked in 12 Companies


 Q45. How can we ensure thread safety in static method ?Core Java
Ans. By using synchronized static method or synchronized block

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     threads  synchronization  static methods     Asked in 2 Companies      intermediate


 Q46. What is abstraction ?Design
Ans. Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and describing only the functionality to the user.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     bstraction  oops concepts  oops principle     Asked in 22 Companies


  Q47. What are the types of authentication used in Web services ?Web Service
Ans. Encrypted User Name / Password
Encrypted Password within Cookie
Encrypted Tokens
IP
Client Certificates
Oauth

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     authentication  security  web service     Asked in 12 Companies      basic        frequent


  Q48. What is a cookie ?Java EE
Ans. A cookie is a small piece of text stored on a user's computer by the browser for a specific domain. Commonly used for authentication, storing site preferences, and server session identification.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     cookie   javascript   web application   session management   browser   j2ee     Asked in 16 Companies      basic        frequent


Frequently asked.
  Q49. What is an Iterator?Core Java
Ans. Iterator is an interface that provides methods to iterate over any Collection.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   iterator     Asked in 11 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q50. What are transient variables in java?Core Java
Ans. Transient variables are variable that cannot be serialized.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   serialization   transient     Asked in 15 Companies      intermediate        rare


  Q51. What is the use of HashCode in objects ?Core Java
Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   string   hashcode   hash code   string comparison  hashtable     Asked in 17 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q52. What are different types of second level cache ?Hibernate
Ans. 1. EHCache ( Easy Hibernate )
2. OSCache ( Open Symphony )
3. Swarm Cache ( JBoss )
4. Tree Cache ( JBoss )

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   orm   hibernate cache   technical lead     Asked in 7 Companies


 Q53. What is Criteria in Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. Criteria is a simplified API for retrieving entities by composing Criterion objects.

For example - session.createCriteria(Employee.class).add( Restrictions.like("name", "A%") ).list();

will return all employee objects having name starting with A.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   hibernate criteria     Asked in 7 Companies      Basic        Frequent

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  Q54. Which Software Development methodology is being used in your current Job ?General
Ans. We are using Agile methodology. I attend daily stand up where the development leads takes the status of assigned stories, achievements, any bottlenecks or challenges. We follow iteration of 2 weeks.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     sdlc   agile methodology   software system analyst   software developer interview   development lead   project lead interview     Asked in 14 Companies        frequent


 Q55. Which of the collections allows null as the key ?

a. HashTable
b. HashMap
c. TreeMap
d. LinkedHashMap
Core Java
Ans. HashMap

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   map  hashtable     Asked in 2 Companies      basic        frequent


Must know at all levels. Among Top 10 frequently asked questions in Java. Very frequently asked to fresh graduates or less experienced professionals.
  Q56. What is Inheritance ?Core Java
Ans. Its a facility for code reuse and independent extension wherein a derived class inherits the properties of parent class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     inheritance  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts  oops concepts  java concepts  code reuse  code re-use   classes  derived classes     Asked in 14 Companies      basic        frequent


Very frequently asked to fresh graduates. Frequently asked in NSEiT and Accenture India
 Q57. Write a program to Generate prime numbers till a given numberCore Java
Ans. public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int number = 2;
int count = 0;
long sum = 0;
int givenNumber = 1000;
while (count < givenNumber) {
if (isPrimeNumber(number)) {
sum = number;
count;
}
number;
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
private static boolean isPrimeNumber(int number) {
for (int i = 2; i <= number / 2; i) {
if (number % i == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     generate prime numbers  code  coding     Asked in 5 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q58. What are the benefits of Enums ?Core Java
Ans. Enums in Java are used to declare predefined objects and then reuse them. they offer many benefits

1. Enum instance are type safe and thread safe.

2. Enum instances are singleton and hence reused.

3. If we use Enums with Switch , It makes sure that the passed argument is either of its instance and hence provides a safeguard.

4. If we use Enum with Sorted Collections we can sort the elements with a predefined priorities ( as per constant declaration in enum )

5. We can use Enum as a Factory by defining its constructor.

6. We can store related constant data within enum. For example - If we know the values for the map upfront, we can alternatively use an enum.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve          Asked in 6 Companies


 Q59. Difference between JDBC and Hibernate ?Database
Ans. JDBC is a standard Java Api for Database communication whereas Hibernate is an ORM framework that uses JDBC to connect with Database.

Hibernate is another layer of object table mapping over JDBC that provide a database independent, object oriented and an efficient way of database communication.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     JDBC  Hibernate  JDBC vs Hibernate     Asked in 3 Companies


 Q60. How to delete duplicate elements in a table ?Database
Ans. DELETE FROM TABLE WHERE ROW_NUM NOT IN ( SELECT MAX(ROW_ID) FROM TABLE GROUP BY DUPLICATE_FIELD )

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve          Asked in 3 Companies


  Q61. Difference between Array and ArrayList ?Core Java
Ans. <a href="http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html" rel="nofollow">http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html</a>

  Sample Code for ArrayList

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     array  arraylist     Asked in 11 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q62. Difference between Error and Exception ?Core Java
Ans. An Error indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch whereas

An Exception indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     error  exception handling  exceptions     Asked in 2 Companies      basic        frequent


Frequently asked in Accenture.
  Q63. What is your biggest achievement at work ?General
Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     general question  non technical question     Asked in 20 Companies        frequent


  Q64. What is an exception and exception handling in Java ?Core Java
Ans. An Exception in java is the occurrence during computation that is anomalous and is not expected.

Exception handling is the mechanism which is used to handle such situations.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     exception handling     Asked in 18 Companies      basic        frequent


Frequently asked Spring interview question.
 Q65. What are the components of Spring framework ?Spring
Ans. Core: [Core, Bean, Context, Expression Language]

Web: [Web, Portlet, Servlet, etc]

Data Access [JMS, JDBC, etc]

AOP, Aspect

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     spring  spring framework components     Asked in 12 Companies


 Q66. What is the use of constructors in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Constructors are used to initialize the state of an object. If there are no constructor , objects won't have any initialized state and hence it's elements may contain garbage values. If the memory were used as is, the behavior of the object would also be unpredictable.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     constructor     Asked in 5 Companies


 Q67. Write a SQL to delete duplicate records in a tableDatabase
Ans. DELETE FROM TABLE WHERE ROW_NUM NOT IN ( SELECT MAX(ROW_ID) FROM TABLE GROUP BY DUPLICATE_FIELD )

or

DELETE FROM TABLE a WHERE ROW_ID >(SELECT MIN(ROW_ID FROM TABLE b WHERE a.DUPLICATE_FIELD=b.DUPLICATE_FIELD);

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve          Asked in 3 Companies


 Q68. Is synchronized a keyword , modifier, identifier? what is it ?Core Java
Ans. synchronized is a keyword and a modifier. The synchronized keyword is used to indicate that a method can be accessed exclusively by one thread at a time.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     synchronization  synchronized  modifier  identifier     Asked in 2 Companies


 Q69. why aren't arrays better than array list ?Core Java
Ans. 1. Arrays don't provide any built in support for sorting searching like operation and we need to do it explicitly.

2. It can hold only homogeneous objects,

3. We have to reserve memory as no dynamic expansion allowed.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     arrays  arraylist  arrays vs arraylist     Asked in 3 Companies


Very frequently asked. Usually among very first few questions.
 Q70. Define encapsulation in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Encapsulation is a feature of OOP's that binds the data and it's associated methods together as a single unit and facilitate protection and data hiding by providing minimal interface to outside. For example - member variables are declared private and are accessed through public methods. Moreover we have private methods that can only be used internally and hence providing minimal interface to outside class through use of public methods.

  Sample Code for encapsulation

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     encapsulation  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts  oops  oops concepts  oops features     Asked in 4 Companies      Basic        frequent


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