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Ans. Though It's often confused with each other, Object Creation ( Instantiation ) and Initialization ( Construction ) are different things in Java. Construction follows object creation.
Object Creation is the process to create the object in memory and returning its handler. Java provides New keyword for object creation.
Initialization is the process of setting the initial / default values to the members. Constructor is used for this purpose. If we don't provide any constructor, Java provides one default implementation to set the default values according to the member data types.
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Ans. An interface without any method declaration is called as marker interface. there are 3 in-built interfaces in JVM i.e. serializable, clonable, remote
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Ans. Factory Pattern deals with creation of objects delegated to a separate factory class whereas Abstract Factory patterns works around a super-factory which creates other factories.
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Ans. Builder is a creational Design Pattern whereas Composite is a structural design pattern. Composite creates Parent - Child relations between your objects while Builder is used to create group of objects of predefined types.
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Ans. Factory is a creational design pattern whereas Strategy is behavioral design pattern. Factory revolves around the creation of object at runtime whereas Strategy or Policy revolves around the decision at runtime.
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Ans. As we only downcast class in the hierarchy, The ClassCastException is thrown to indicate that code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.
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Ans. Garbage Collector wont remove a strong reference.
A soft reference will only get removed if memory is low.
A weak reference will get removed on the next garbage collection cycle.
A phantom reference will be finalized but the memory will not be reclaimed. Can be useful when you want to be notified that an object is about to be collected.
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Ans. The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare variables not methods whereas jsp declaration tag can declare variables as well as methods.
The declaration of scriptlet tag is placed inside the _jspService() method whereas The declaration of jsp declaration tag is placed outside the _jspService() method.
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Ans. A source of possible errors in parallel programming, where one thread can cause an error in another thread by changing some aspect of the state of the program that the second thread is depending on (such as the value of variable).
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Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.
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Ans. Yes, We can call garbage collector directly but it doesn't guarantees that the gc will start executing immediately. This gc( ) method appears in both Runtime and System classes of java.lang package.
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Ans. Both belong to the class as a whole and not to the individual objects. Static methods are explicitly called for execution whereas Static block gets executed when the Class gets loaded by the JVM.
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Ans. Iterators in java are used to iterate over the Collection objects.
Fail-Fast iterators immediately throw ConcurrentModificationException if there is any addition, removal or updation of any element.
Fail-Safe iterators don't throw any exception if a collection is structurally modified while iterating over it. This is because, they operate on the clone of the collection and not on the original collection.
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Q122. Will the static block be executed in the following code ? Why ?
class Test { static { System.out.println("Why I am not executing "); } public static final int param=20; }
public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Test.param); } }
Ans. No the static block won't get executed as the referenced variable in the Test class is final. Compiler replaces the content of the final variable within Demo.main method and hence actually no reference to Test class is made.
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Ans. The purpose of comparator interface is to compare objects of the same class to identify the sorting order. Sorted Collection Classes ( TreeSet, TreeMap ) have been designed such to look for this method to identify the sorting order, that is why class need to implement Comparator interface to qualify its objects to be part of Sorted Collections.
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Ans. Yes, but the overloaded main methods without single String[] argument doesn't get any special status by the JVM. They are just another methods that needs to be called explicitly.
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Ans. 1. Configure Provider class in Hibernate configuration file.
2. Add Cache usage tag ( read-only or read-write ) in mapping files ( hbm ).
3. Create an XML file called ehcache.xml and place in classpath which contains time settings and update settings, behavior of cache , lifetime and idletime of Pojos, how many objects are allowed.
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Ans. No. compareTo method is declared final for the Enumerations and hence cannot be overriden. This has been intentionally done so that one cannot temper with the sorting order on the Enumeration which is the order in which Enum constants are declared.
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Q127. If you are given a choice to implement the code to either Insert a Record or Update if already exist, Which approach will you follow ?
1. Insert into the DB Table. If exception occurs, update the existing record. 2. Check if the record exists and update it if it exists, If not insert a new record.
Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.
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Ans. This annotation is added to the auto increment column with the strategy to increment the column value. Usually this is added to the surrogate primary key column and specified with the Database Sequence.
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