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 Q41. Difference between Virtual Memory and Demand Paging?Operating System
 This question was recently asked at 'Veritas'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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 Q42. Explain OAuth.Authentication
Ans. OAuth is an open-standard authorization protocol or framework that describes how unrelated servers and services can safely allow authenticated access to their assets without actually sharing the initial, related, single logon credential. Like using Google or Facebook to login to something.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.
 Q43. What are the difference between Threads and Processes ?Operating System
Ans. 1. when an OS wants to start running program it creates new process means a process is a program that is currently executing and every process has at least one thread running within it.
2). A thread is a path of code execution in the program, which has its own local variables, program counter(pointer to current execution being executed) and lifetime.
3. When the JavaVirtual Machine (JavaVM, or just VM) is started by the operating system, a new process is created. Within that process, many threads can be created.
4. Consider an example : when you open Microsoft word in your OS and you check your task manger then you can see this running program as a process. now when you write something in opened word document, then it performs more than one work at same time like it checks for the correct spelling, it formats the word you enter , so within that process ( word) , due to different path execution(thread) all different works are done at same time.
5. Within a process , every thread has independent path of execution but there may be situation where two threads can interfere with each other then concurrency and deadlock come is picture.
6. like two process can communicate ( ex:u open an word document and file explorer and on word document you drag and drop another another file from file explorer), same way two threads can also communicate with each other and communication with two threads is relatively low.
7. Every thread in java is created and controlled by unique object of java.lang.Thread class.
8. prior to jdk 1.5, there were lack in support of asynchronous programming in java, so in that case it was considered that thread makes the runtime environment asynchronous and allow different task to perform concurrently.

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates.
 Q44. Why threads block or enters to waiting state on I/O?Operating System
Ans. Threads enters to waiting state or block on I/O because other threads can execute while the I/O operations are performed.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.
 Q45. What is the difference between yield() and sleep()?Operating System
Ans. When a object invokes yield() it returns to ready state. But when an object invokes sleep() method enters to not ready state.

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates.
 Q46. What is the initial state of a thread when it is created and started?
Ans. Ready state.

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 Q47. What is suspend() method used for ?
Ans. suspend() method is used to suspend the execution of a thread for a period of time. We can then restart the thread by using resume() method.

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates.
 Q48. Difference between suspend() and stop() ?
Ans. Suspend method is used to suspend thread which can be restarted by using resume() method. stop() is used to stop the thread, it cannot be restarted again.

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 Q49. What is the difference between System.console.write and System.out.println ?
Ans. System.console() returns null if your application is not run in a terminal (though you can handle this in your application)System.console() provides methods for reading password without echoing charactersSystem.out and System.err use the default platform encoding, while the Console class output methods use the console encoding

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates and less experienced developers.
  Q50. What is a daemon thread? Give an Example ?
Ans. These are threads that normally run at a low priority and provide a basic service to a program or programs when activity on a machine is reduced. garbage collector thread is daemon thread.

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 Q51. What are the phases of the JSP life cycle ?Java EE
Ans. Translation of JSP PageCompilation of JSP PageClassloading (class file is loaded by the classloader)Instantiation (Object of the Generated Servlet is created).Initialization ( jspInit() method is invoked by the container).Reqeust processing ( _jspService() method is invoked by the container).Destroy ( jspDestroy() method is invoked by the container).

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 Q52. What is the difference between System.out ,System.err and System.in?
Ans. System.out and System.err both represent the monitor by default and hence can be used to send data or results to the monitor. But System.out is used to display normal messages and results whereas System.err is used to display error messages and System.in represents InputStream object, which by default represents standard input device, i.e., keyboard.

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 Q53. What are use cases?Process
Ans. It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a situation that a program might encounter and what behavior the program should exhibit in that circumstance.

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 Q54. What is the purpose of the System class?Core Java
Ans. The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.

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 Q55. Will finally be called always if all code has been kept in try block ?Core Java
Ans. The only time finally won't be called is if you call System.exit() or if the JVM crashes first.

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 Q56. Difference between PATH and CLASSPATH ?Operating System
Ans. PATH is the variable that holds the directories for the OS to look for executables. CLASSPATH is the variable that holds the directories for JVM to look for .class files ( Byte Code ).

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 Q57. Difference between Class Path and Build Path ?Core Java
Ans. The build path is used for building your application. It contains all of your source files and all Java libraries that are required to compile the application.

The classpath is used for executing the application. This includes all java classes and libraries that are needed to run the java application.

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Very Frequently asked. Favorite question in walkins and telephonic interviews. Usually among first few questions. Asked in different variants. Must know for intermediate and expert professionals.Among Top 10 frequently asked questions.
  Q58. What is rule regarding overriding equals and hashCode method ?Core Java
Ans. A Class must override the hashCode method if its overriding the equals method.

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  Q59. What is lazy fetching in Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. Lazy fetching is the technique of not loading the child objects when parent objects are loaded. By default Hibernate does not load child objects. One can specify whether to load them or not while doing the association.

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 Q60. Should we create system software ( e.g Operating system ) in Java ?Core Java
Ans. No, Java runs on a virtual machine called JVM and hence doesn't embed well with the underlying hardware. Though we can create a platform independent system software but that would be really slow and that's what we would never need.

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 Q61. Give an Example for Builder Pattern ?Core Java
Ans. String str = new StringBuilder().append("Buggy").append("Bread").toString();

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  Q62. Which Software Development methodology is being used in your current Job ?General
Ans. We are using Agile methodology. I attend daily stand up where the development leads takes the status of assigned stories, achievements, any bottlenecks or challenges. We follow iteration of 2 weeks.

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 Q63. Which UML diagrams you usually use for design ?Design
Ans. Use Case Diagram, Component Diagram for High level Design and Class Diagram , Sequence Diagram for low level design.

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 Q64. How do you coordinate and communicate with the team developers ?Process
Ans. We as a team of developers , testers , analyst , lead and architect sit close to each other. Most of the time I would just jump to their seat and talk to them ( if required ). We have daily stand up where we discuss things that needs team attention.

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 Q65. What is your role in current position ?General
Ans. I am working as a Software System Analyst that specializes in understanding Business Requirements, Analyzing them , Performs Cost / Benefit analysis, Make suggestions to business , translate the business requirements into technical requirements, Discuss their feasibility with the technical team, performs sizing in coordination with developers and prepare high level design document.

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 Q66. What kind of software architecture your organization follow ?Design
Ans. We have multi tier architecture with multiple layers , We have series of web servers and applications in application tier, infrastructure libraries at middle tier and Database servers at the lower tier. We are using Oracle as Database, ESB ( Enterprise service Bus ) for asynchronous communication and Rest Web Services.

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 Q67. Do you talk to testers ?
Ans. Yes, usually I would talk to them to make sure that we are on same page in terms on understanding the business requirement.

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 Q68. What you would do if you realize that business requirement is not technically feasible ?
Ans. I would first try to make sure that I am correct in that understanding. Will talk to developers and architects to understand the technical challenges to accomplish it. Once I am done with my ground work, Will schedule a meeting with business stake holders. Will gather required evidences and will present the challenges to Business.

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 Q69. Which version control system you are using in your current project ?Tools
Ans. We are using SVN and Git Hub.

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 Q70. What is Nagios ?
Ans. Nagios is open source system , network and infrastructure monitoring software application. It alerts the user if anything goes wrong. Nagios is widely used as monitoring tool for enterprise applications.

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