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Ans. 1. Multithreading provides better interaction with the user by distribution of task
2. Threads in Java appear to run concurrently, so it provides simulation for simultaneous activities.The processor runs each thread for a short time and switches among the threads to simulate sim-ultaneous execution (context-switching) and it make appears that each thread has its own processor.By using this feature, users can make it appear as if multiple tasks are occurring simultaneously when, in fact, each is running for only a brief time before the context is switched to the next thread.
3. We can do other things while waiting for slow I/O operations.In the java.iopackage, the class InputStreamhas a method, read(), that blocks until a byte is read from the stream or until an IOExceptionis thrown. The thread that executes this method cannot do anything elsewhile awaiting the arrival of another byte on the stream.
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Ans. A source of possible errors in parallel programming, where one thread can cause an error in another thread by changing some aspect of the state of the program that the second thread is depending on (such as the value of variable).
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Ans. It's a choice to be made whether to use first approach ( Thread class ) or second approach ( runnable interface ) by the programmer. The second facility has been given for cases where your class is already extending some parent class and hence cannot extend another class ( for Thread ) as Java doesn't allow multiple inheritance.
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Batching requires less resources but may result in loosing whole batch in case of failure whereas concurrency even though is little more expensive in terms of resources but would result in minimal loss in case of failure.
In case messages are to be consumed in a particular order, batching them in that order and then consuming them makes better sense.
if incoming messages are not continuous , it makes more sense to do concurrency as we need not wait for all messages to form a batch and flush. Though time sensitivity can be added but that would add unnecessary complexity.
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Ans. ConcurrentMap is an interface and it is a member of the Java Collections Framework. It represents a Map that is capable of handling concurrent access to it without affecting the consistency of entries in a map. ConcurrentMap interface present in java.util.concurrent package.
HashMap operations are not synchronized, while Hashtable provides synchronization. Though Hashtable is thread-safe, it is not very efficient. To solve this issue, the Java Collections Framework introduced ConcurrentMap in Java 1.5.
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Ans. The goal of a synchronised block is to achieve mutual exclusion i.e at one time, the segment of the code should be executed by single thread only and hence the lock needs to be retrieved before executing the segment and then released.
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Which keyword is used to provide explicit access of a code block to single thread ?
