Interview Questions and Answers for 'Ear' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers for 'Ear' - 41 question(s) found - Order By Newest

Very frequently asked. Among first few questions in almost all interviews. Among Top 5 frequently asked questions. Frequently asked in Indian service companies (HCL,TCS,Infosys,Capgemini etc based on multiple feedback ) and Epam Systems

Q1. Difference between == and .equals() ?

Core Java

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality, whereas "==" operator evaluate to see if the object handlers on the left and right are pointing to the same object in memory.

x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal. x==y means that the references x and y have same object.

Sample code:

String x = new String("str");
String y = new String("str");

System.out.println(x == y); // prints false
System.out.println(x.equals(y)); // prints true

Sample Code for equals

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Q2. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.

Q3. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?

Core Java

Ans. Underlying data structure for ArrayList is Array whereas LinkedList is the linked list and hence have following differences -

1. ArrayList needs continuous memory locations and hence need to be moved to a bigger space if new elements are to be added to a filled array which is not required for LinkedList.

2. Removal and Insertion at specific place in ArrayList requires moving all elements and hence leads to O(n) insertions and removal whereas its constant O(1) for LinkedList.

3. Random access using index in ArrayList is faster than LinkedList which requires traversing the complete list through references.

4. Though Linear Search takes Similar Time for both, Binary Search using LinkedList requires creating new Model called Binary Search Tree which is slower but offers constant time insertion and deletion.

5. For a set of integers you want to sort using quicksort, it's probably faster to use an array; for a set of large structures you want to sort using selection sort, a linked list will be faster.

Sample Code for ArrayList

Sample Code for LinkedList

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Frequently asked in Cognizant (CTS)

Q4. What is Serialization ? Why do we need it ?

Core Java

Ans. Storing the state of an object in a file or other medium is called serialization.

Classes can communicate only if they are built together ( as they need Byte code for communication ). What if we need to enable communication between different applications ( i.e they have been built independently or even they reside at different locations ), We need a mechanism that will transfer the Bean state to a Medium than can be transferred to the receiving application.

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Advanced level question frequently asked in US based companies. Recently asked in EMC and Intuit.

Q5. Can you provide some implementation of a Dictionary having large number of words ?

Solution

Ans. Simplest implementation we can have is a List wherein we can place ordered words and hence can perform Binary Search.

Other implementation with better search performance is to use HashMap with key as first character of the word and value as a LinkedList.

Further level up, we can have linked Hashmaps like ,

hashmap {
a ( key ) -> hashmap (key-aa , value (hashmap(key-aaa,value)
b ( key ) -> hashmap (key-ba , value (hashmap(key-baa,value)
....................................................................................
z( key ) -> hashmap (key-za , value (hashmap(key-zaa,value)
}

upto n levels ( where n is the average size of the word in dictionary.

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Frequently asked to experienced developers. Recently asked in many US interviews.

Q6. What is database deadlock ? How can we avoid them?

Database

Ans. When multiple external resources are trying to access the DB locks and runs into cyclic wait, it may makes the DB unresponsive.

Deadlock can be avoided using variety of measures, Few listed below -

Can make a queue wherein we can verify and order the request to DB.

Less use of cursors as they lock the tables for long time.

Keeping the transaction smaller.

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Almost sure to be asked in every company using any Dependency Injection framework ( Spring, Guice etc )

Q7. What is Dependency Injection or IOC ( Inversion of Control ) ?

Design

Ans. It is a Design Pattern that facilitates loose coupling by sending the dependency information ( object references of dependent object ) while building the state of the object. Objects are designed in a manner where they receive instances of the objects from other pieces of code, instead of constructing them internally and hence provide better flexibility.

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Frequently asked Generic Question.

Q8. Why do you want to work for our company ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

Usually answered stating your keen interest in the role offered and challenges and opportunities the role offers.

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Q9. Design a Data Structure for a full text Search ?

Design

^{This question was recently asked at 'Myntra'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked with questions related to String. Frequently asked at CTS / Cognizant

Q10. What is an Immutable Object ?

Core Java

Ans. Object that can't be changed after instantiation.

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Q11. What are the pre-requisite for the collection to perform Binary Search ?

Ans. 1. Collection should have an index for random access.
2. Collection should have ordered elements.

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Very frequently asked if being interviewed for hibernate. Frequently asked in Tata Consultancy (TCS) and Overstock.com

Q12. Difference between load and get ?

Hibernate

Ans. If id doesnt exist in the DB load throws an exception whereas get returns null in that case.get makes the call to DB immediately whereas load makes the call to proxy.

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Q13. Difference between jar , war and ear ?

Java EE

Ans. Jar is Java Archieve i.e compressed Class or Class / Java files.

War comprises of compressed Servlet class files,JSP FIles,supporting files, GIF and HTML files.

Ear comprise of compressed Java and web module files ( was files ).

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Q14. What is database Normalization ?

Database

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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Q15. Explain various Searching and Sorting Algorithms ?

Algorithm

^{This question was recently asked at 'HeadStrong,ServiceNow'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q16. Write a Program to print factorial of a number using recursion

Core Java

Ans. public class BuggyBread {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(factorial(5));
}

private static int factorial(int number){
if(number == 1){
return 1;
} else {
return number * factorial(number - 1);
}
}
}

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Q17. What is a Webdriver ?

Testing

Ans. Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating web application testing.It helps in replicating the manual tester behavior like keyboard entry, mouse events etc and then matching the output against the expected.

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked in this format or as difference with interfaces / concrete classes.

Q18. What is an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract class is the class that is not supposed to be instantiated. The purpose of the class to only have extension to the derived class.

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Q19. Can we use Ordered Set for performing Binary Search ?

Ans. We need to access values on the basis of an index in Binary search which is not possible with Sets.

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Q20. What is CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Ans. Its a type of ArrayList in which all Write operations , i.e add and set are performed by creating a new copy. This array never changes during the lifetime of the iterator, so it never throws ConcurrentModificationException

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Q21. What are the advantages and disadvantages of CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. This collections class has been implemented in such a manner that it can never throw ConcurrentModificationException. As it performs update and write operations by creating a new copy of ArrayList, It's slower compared to ArrayList.

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Q22. Which of the following is usually not part of EAR file ?

a. Server Configuration files
b. HTML and Media Files
c. Application Configuration files
d. Class files

Ans. Server Configuration files

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Frequently asked in face to face interviews.

Q23. Write a program to print fibonacci series.

Core Java

Ans. int count = 15;
int[] fibonacci = new int[count];
fibonacci[0] = 0;
fibonacci[1] = 1;
for(int x=2; x < count; x++){
fibonacci[x] = fibonacci[x-1] + fibonacci[x-2];
}

for(int x=0; x< count; x++){
System.out.print(fibonacci[x] + " ");
}

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Q24. What is a Destructor ? Do we have Destructors in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Destructor is used to de-allocate memory allocated by objects.

There are no destructors in Java. Alternatively, Java provides Automatic garbage collection i.e automatically releasing the un-referenced memory.

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Frequently asked to Fresh graduates.

Q25. Write a program to implement Binary search ?

Core Java

Ans. http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/11model/BinarySearch.java.html

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Q26. What is Spring Boot ?

Spring Boot

Ans. Spring Boot is Springs convention-over-configuration solution for creating stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based Applications.

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Q27. What is Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.

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Q28. Do you feel that its useless to define hashCode method for a class ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes its useless if we are not going to use its objects within Hash collection, For example - HashSet , HashMap. HashCode is used internally by these collections for Search.

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Q29. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Q30. What data structure will you use if we have to search an element in million of elements ?

Data Structure

^{This question was recently asked at 'Microsoft'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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