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Ans. Automated Backups are deleted automatically whereas Snapshots are preserved. Upon terminating RDS instance , AWS gives a warning about that and requests to create a final snapshot before terminating the instance.
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Ans. High bandwidth and availability in NAT Gateway
NAT Gateway is completely managed by AWS
NAT Gateway is auto scalable
NAT Instance is just like EC2 instance and hence backed by security group
NAT Instance can be used as bastion host whereas NAT Gateway cannot be.
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Ans. Deserialization. In serialization, we can save the object of a byte stream into a file or send over a network. Suppose if you serialize the Singleton class, and then again de-serialize that object, it will create a new instance, hence deserialization will break the Singleton pattern.
To overcome this issue, we need to override readResolve() method in the Singleton class and return the same Singleton instance.
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Ans. As String is immutable so by maintaining pool area we can refer the object to same area if they are with same content. But when it comes to string buffer or builder then due to mutable property if we do so then all the objects referring to that area will from now has new content.. So as to avoid this pool is present only in string.
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Ans. A List is an child interface of collection interface in java where as Linked list is and implementation class of List interface which has doubly linked as a underlying data structure
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Ans. 1. Fault Tolerance
2. Better Access by bringing the application closer to the users.
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Ans. Yes, Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they're currently authenticated.
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Ans. ConcurrentMap is an interface and it is a member of the Java Collections Framework. It represents a Map that is capable of handling concurrent access to it without affecting the consistency of entries in a map. ConcurrentMap interface present in java.util.concurrent package.
HashMap operations are not synchronized, while Hashtable provides synchronization. Though Hashtable is thread-safe, it is not very efficient. To solve this issue, the Java Collections Framework introduced ConcurrentMap in Java 1.5.
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Ans. Cyclic instantiation in OOPs may happen if Class A loading results in Class B Loading , and then Class B Loading results in Class C loading and then Class C has a static reference to Class A and hence results in cyclic instantiation or loading.
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Ans. What if the initialization throws an exception. In that case , it will let it move forward without initializing the final field. So it's a way to enforce that either the field is initialized or it fails completely.
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