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 Q1051. What are advantages of stateless and / or immutable objects ?Object Oriented Programming
Ans. They can be shared across multiple threads as they are thread safe.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   stateless objects   immutable  immutability objects   objects


 Q1052. What are the advantages and disadvantages of static variables and static methods ?Core Java
Ans. Advantages

Can do meta object operations ( like validating something before creating objects , keep count of number of objects )

Can do operations which have nothing to do with objects but still you want them to be tied to Class.

Disadvantages

Commonly used to static variables sometime leads to problems due to access by different objects.

Are not tied to objects so doesn't reflect pure Object Oriented approach.

Needs to be synchronized so as to avoid update conflicts by mutiple objects and threads.

Some limitation in testing as not all frameworks have facility to mock them. Powermock has but Mockito doesnt

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   static   static variables   static methods


Very Frequently asked. Have been asked in HCL Technologies very frequently ( based on 3 feedback ). Among first few questions in many interviews.
  Q1053. Differences between abstract class and interface ?Core Java
Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).

A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   classes   abstract class   interfaces   abstract class vs interface   abstract classes vs interfaces     Asked in 82 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q1054. In which cases isn't instanceof operator a bad practice?Core Java
Ans. To avoid ClassCastException.

Though the following code will compile fine but will result in ClassCastException during runtime.

Fruit fruit = new Apple();
Banana banana = Banana(fruit); // ClassCastException


This code will not give compile time error as Banana and Fruit are related as Banana either extends or implement Fruit, So downcasting is acceptable. With this code we assume that the Fruit handler will have the Apple object at that point, violating which the code will throw the exception.

This exception can be avoided by following code.

Fruit fruit = new Apple();
if(fruit instanceOf Banana){
Banana banana = Banana(fruit); // ClassCastException
}

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   instanceof   classcastexception   runtime exceptions  instanceOf operator

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Rarely asked as it was introduced with Java 8.
 Q1055. What is DocLint in Java 8 ?Core Java
Ans. DocLint Provide a means to detect errors in Javadoc comments early in the development cycle and in a way that is easily linked back to the source code.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   java 8   doclint   java8 features


 Q1056. What are some differences between Spring caching and Hibernate caching?Hibernate
Ans. Spring caching makes use of its intercepting capabilities to add caching to method calls. Therefore, the entire object is cached and reused. Hibernate, on the other hand, has more domain-specific knowledge of the Entity being cached and can handle the objects more appropriately.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     spring framework   hibernate   spring cache   hibernate cache


 Q1057. What doesn Http keep alive header does ?Java EE
Ans. Http is connection less by default. header informs hosts to keep the connection alive so that the same connection can be reused for multiple communication.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   http   http-alive   client server communication


 Q1058. What is the difference between Data Type and Data Structure ?Core Java
Ans. Data type: a set of values together with operations on that type
Data structure: a physical implementation of a data type

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   data structure   data type


 Q1059. Is it correct to say that Interfaces are abstract data types ?
Ans. No.

Data Type holds data whereas Interface doesn't hold anything. Interface is a contract about how to communicate with the underlying Class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   interface   data type


 Q1060. Do you see Class as a Data Type or Data Structure ?
Ans. Class can be better seen as Data Type. This could be implemented as a Data Structure too in some cases.

One thing worth understanding here is that Data type and Data structure are conceptual things. Class could be implementation of either of these.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   class   data type   data structure


 Q1061. Which of the following data type you will prefer to store price - BigDecimal or Double ?
Ans. BigDecimal if memory and Performance is not critical concern, otherwise double.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   data types   double   bigdecimal


 Q1062. Which takes more memory - float or Float ?Core Java
Ans. float is a native data type whereas Float is a class. A Float object will always take more memory than float variable as there are metadata overheads with the objects.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   data type   float     Asked in 3 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q1063. Difference between Stack and Heap memory ?Core Java
Ans. Stack memory areas is used to hold method and local variables while objects are always allocated memory in the heap. The heap memory is shared between multiple threads whereas Stack memory isn't.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   memory management   stack memory   heap memory   difference between   ebay     Asked in 2 Companies      intermediate        frequent

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 Q1064. What is collision in hash collections ?Core Java
Ans. Collision is the situation when two different elements have the same Hash Code.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   collision   hashcode  hash code   hash collections   ebay     Asked in 1 Companies      intermediate        frequent


 Q1065. When are static and instance methods resolved ? During compile time or Runtime ?
Ans. Static methods are resolved during compile time and hence they cannot participate in runtime polymorphism. Instance methods are resolved during runtime.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   static methods   methods   runtime polymorphism      intermediate


 Q1066. How to determine if the linked list has a cycle in it ?
Ans. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/494830/how-to-determine-if-a-linked-list-has-a-cycle-using-only-two-memory-locations

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     linked list   data structure   algorithm   java   ebay


 Q1067. What is a BlockingQueue?Data Structures
Ans. BlockingQueue is a Queue that supports operations that wait for the queue to become non-empty when retrieving and removing an element, and wait for space to become available in the queue when adding an element.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     blockingqueue   collections   java   concurrent collections     Asked in 10 Companies


 Q1068. How to access a Web Element if there are many elements with the same XPath ?
Ans. By specifying the Index like

//button[@class='button'])[2]

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     selenium   selenium webdriver   automation testing


 Q1069. What is Apache Kafka ?BigData
Ans. Kafka is a distributed, partitioned, replicated commit log service. It provides the functionality of a messaging system through messages being written to logs.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     kafka   bigdata   message queue     Asked in 4 Companies


 Q1070. What is a broker in Apache Kafka ?
Ans. Kafka is run as a cluster comprised of one or more servers each of which is called a broker

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     kafka   bigdata   message queue


 Q1071. What is a Topic in Apache Kafka ?
Ans. A topic is a category or feed name to which messages are published

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     kafka   bigdata   message queue


 Q1072. Have you used Kafka in your project ? If Yes, for what ?
Ans. We were using Kafka as a replacement for JMS Message Queue for better throughput. We were just using a simple Java multi threaded client as order of message consumption didn't matter to us.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     kafka   bigdata   message queue   java


 Q1073. Does Kafka uses ZooKeeper ?
Ans. Yes

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     kafka   bigdata   yes-no   yes no


 Q1074. Which interfaces are implemented by BatchUpdateException?
Ans. [Iterable]

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   BatchUpdateException   include


 Q1075. Which of the following can be marked static ?

a. Methods , Variables and Initialization Blocks.
b. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and Outer Classes and nested Classes.
c. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and Outer Classes.
d. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and nested Classes
Core Java
Ans. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and nested Classes

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     oops   java   static   nested classes   static nested classes

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 Q1076. Which of the following cannot be marked static ?

a. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes ( nested ), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
b. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Class variables , Class Methods , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
c. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
d. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes (Nested), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables
Ans. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     oops   java   static   nested classes   static nested classes

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 Q1077. Which of the following is true ?

a. We can serialize static variables
b. We can serialize transient variables
c. We can serialize final variables
d. We can serialize instance methods
Ans. We can serialize final variables

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 Q1078. What is the initial state of a thread when it is created and started ?

a. Wait
b. Running
c. Ready
d. Sleep
Ans. Ready

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 Q1079. What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing?

a. Wait
b. Ready
c. Dead
d. Running
Ans. Dead

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 Q1080. Which of the following file is called deployment descriptor ?

a. application.xml
b. project.xml
c. web.xml
d. build.xml
Java EE
Ans. web.xml

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     configuration files   deployment   server   java


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