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 Q1141. Does java allow implementation of multiple interfaces having Default methods with Same name and Signature ?Core Java
Ans. No. Compilation error.

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  Q1142. What are Default Methods ?Core Java
Ans. With Java 8, We can provide method definitions in the Interfaces that gets carried down the classes implementing that interface in case they are not overridden by the Class. Keyword "default" is used to mark the default method.

  Sample Code for interface default

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Rarely asked as default methods have been introduced with Java 8.
 Q1143. Can we have a default method definition in the interface without specifying the keyword "default" ? Core Java
Ans. No. Compiler complains that its an abstract method and hence shouldn't have the body.

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 Q1144. Can we use static method definitions in Interfaces ?Core Java
Ans. Yes, Effective Java 8.

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Frequently asked at Manhattan Associates ( Based on 2 feedback )
  Q1145. What is a Lambda Expression ? What's its use ?Core Java
Ans. Its an anonymous method without any declaration.

Lambda Expression are useful to write shorthand Code and hence saves the effort of writing lengthy Code.

It promotes Developer productivity, Better Readable and Reliable code.

  Sample Code for lambda

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 Q1146. Difference between Predicate, Supplier and Consumer ? Core Java
Ans. Predicate represents an anonymous function that accepts one argument and produces a result.

Supplier represents an anonymous function that accepts no argument and produces a result.

Consumer represents an anonymous function that accepts an argument and produces no result.

  Sample Code for Predicate

  Sample Code for Supplier

  Sample Code for Consumer

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 Q1147. Write a program to see if the number is perfect number or not ?Core Java
Ans. http://www.c4learn.com/c-programs/program-to-check-whether-number-is.html

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 Q1148. Can we override compareTo method for Enumerations ?Core Java
Ans. No. compareTo method is declared final for the Enumerations and hence cannot be overriden. This has been intentionally done so that one cannot temper with the sorting order on the Enumeration which is the order in which Enum constants are declared.

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 Q1149. When does an application throw NullPointerException ?Core Java
Ans. When it tries to access an object element or method using reference which is actually null.

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 Q1150. What are the conventions regarding constant variables or static final variables ?Core Java
Ans. They should be named all in upper case with underscore separating words.

Moreover the name should be such that it identifies the value. For example, if we are using constant for employee Id 123, it should be named something like EMPLOYEE_ID_123 and not EMPLOYEE_ID

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 Q1151. What will be the output of the following code ?

enum Day {
MONDAY,TUESDAY,WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY,FRIDAY,SATURDAY,SUNDAY
}

public class BuggyBread1{
public static void main (String args[]) {
Set mySet = new TreeSet();
mySet.add(Day.SATURDAY);
mySet.add(Day.WEDNESDAY);
mySet.add(Day.FRIDAY);
mySet.add(Day.WEDNESDAY);
for(Day d: mySet){
System.out.println(d);
}
}
}
Core Java
Ans. WEDNESDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY

Only one FRIDAY will be printed as Set doesn't allow duplicates.Elements will be printed in the order in which constants are declared in the Enum. TreeSet maintains the elements in the ascending order which is identified by the defined compareTo method. compareTo method in Enum has been defined such that the constant declared later are greater than the constants declared prior.

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 Q1152. public class BuggyBread1{

public static void main (String args[]) {
Set<String> mySet = new TreeSet<String>();
mySet.add(""1"");
mySet.add(""2"");
mySet.add(""111"");
for(String d: mySet){
System.out.println(d);
}
}
}
Core Java
Ans. 1
111
2

TreeSet maintains the elements in the ascending order which is identified by the compareTo method. compareTo method in String has been defined such that it results in the natural alphabetic Order. Here the elements in the TreeSet are of String and not of Integer. In String Natural Order, 111 comes before 2 as ascii of 1st character first determines the order.

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 Q1153. public class BuggyBread1{

public static void main (String args[]) {
Set<Integer> mySet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
mySet.add(1);
mySet.add(2);
mySet.add(111);
for(Integer d: mySet){
System.out.println(d);
}
}
}
Core Java
Ans. 1
2
111

TreeSet maintains the elements in the ascending order which is identified by the compareTo method. compareTo method in Integer has been defined such that it results in the natural numerical Order.

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 Q1154. Can we extend an Enum ?Core Java
Ans. No. Enums are final by design.

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 Q1155. What are the considerations to be made in case of loops in Java ?Core Java
Ans. 1. It shouldn't result in infinite loop. Please make sure that you have a condition that will terminate the loop and that condition should be reached.

2. Make sure to use the break statement if you aspire to only look for something. Not using break will unnecessarily execute it till the end of for loop in some cases.

3. Similarly use continue to execute the loop with next iteration and bypass the rest of the code block if required.

4. Try to avoid multiple nesting of for loops. If it''s required, Make sure to use break and continue properly so as to avoid some unnecessary processing.

5. Make sure to use try catch within the loop and not outside the for loop if you expect it to continue if one of the iteration fails.

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 Q1156. Tell me something about AssertionError ?Core Java
Ans. AssertionError is actually a fatal fault or a bug in the program. We may not like to continue program , request or thread execution if this error occurs as this condition is the assumption to continue further execution.

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 Q1157. Should we create system software ( e.g Operating system ) in Java ?Core Java
Ans. No, Java runs on a virtual machine called JVM and hence doesn't embed well with the underlying hardware. Though we can create a platform independent system software but that would be really slow and that's what we would never need.

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 Q1158. What is Java primarily used for ?Core Java
Ans. For creating platform independent software applications.

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 Q1159. Why can't we use this in static context ?Core Java
Ans. Static methods can be called using instance references wherein this would have made sense but static method can also be called using Class name wherein this would mean nothing and hence forbidden.

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 Q1160. In majority of the situations it won't make much sense whether you append this with the instance method call.Can you tell a situation wherein this keyword would make sense in a instance method ? Core Java
Ans. Within instance method of the parent class that has other multiple methods that have been overridden by the derived classes.

In such case a simple method call from the common method will always be made to the method definition in the parent class. But If we use this.methodCall , this will be polymorphic and will be made to the respective derived object overriding method.

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 Q1161. Why is null == null returns true ?Core Java
Ans. Any reference in java that doesn't point to any object , gets assigned null i.e is a reference to null. Two object references in java are treated equal if they point to the same memory. That's Why null == null results true.

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 Q1162. How is HashSet maintained in memory by Java ?Core Java
Ans. HashSet is maintained as HashMap by Java with values of the HashSet as Keys of the HashMap and value of the HashMap as the constant PRESENT.

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 Q1163. What is Closeable ?Core Java
Ans. A Closeable is an interface which is a source or destination of data that can be closed.

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 Q1164. Why do we need Inner classes ? Cant we just work with outer classes wherever we implement Inner classes ?Core Java
Ans. Yes, we can substitute outer classes wherever we need to have inner classes but Inner classes have advantage in certain cases and hence preferred -

Ease - Why to implement a class outside if its objects are only intended to be part of an outer object. Its easy to define the class within another class if the use is only local.

Protection - Making a call an outer exposes a threat of it being used by any of the class. Why should it be made an outer class if its object should only occur as part of other objects.

For example - You may like to have an class address whose object should have a reference to city and by design thats the only use of city you have in your application. Making Address and City as outer class exposes City to any of the Class. Making it an inner class of Address will make sure that its accessed using object of Address.

  Sample Code for inner class

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.
 Q1165. What is the @FunctionalInterface annotation ?Core Java
Ans. This is an informative annotation that specify that the interface is a functional interface. A Function Interface has only one abstract method and many default methods. Compiler generates an error if the interface specified with the annotation doesn't abide by the specifications for functional interface.

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 Q1166. Is this valid in Java ?

Long x = new Long ("42");
Core Java
Ans. Yes. Long wrapper class has overloaded constructor which takes String as input and then translate it to the long value and stored it as long.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.
 Q1167. Difference between final and effectively final ? Why is effectively final even required ?Core Java
Ans. Final variable means a variable that has been declared final and hence cannot be de referenced after initialization. Effective final means a variable that has not been declared final but haven't been reassigned the value after initialization.

First is the regulation that restricts the reassignment and will raise a compilation error if we try to do so. Second is the outcome without the restriction.

Effective Final is the eventual treatment of the variable that is required for many features. For eq - Java 8 requires that local variables referenced from a lambda expression must be final or effectively final.It means all local referenced from lambda expressions must be such that their value shouldn't be changed after initialization whether declared final or not.

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Very Frequently asked.
 Q1168. Explain throw, throws , try and catch in Java ?Core Java
Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.

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 Q1169. What is classpath in a project?Core Java
Ans. ClassPath is the path where Java looks for class files to resolve the dependencies. For example - If you are using a class "xyz" in your code and have specified the respective import, Where should Java look for the definition of xyz. Java determines using the class path settings.

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 Q1170. Why is a constant defined as a static final in Java?Core Java
Ans. Final makes sure that the value doesn't change after initialization and static makes sure that there is only one copy that can be shared across objects.

Making it non static will unnecessarily create a different copy per object wherein the same value will kept for all copies ( as its final and cannot be changed ).

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