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Q1621. Is it possible to compile and run a Java program without writing main( ) method?

Ans. Yes, it is possible by using a static block in the Java program.

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Frequently asked in Infosys and HCL Technologies ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q1622. What are different ways of object creation in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Using new operator - new xyzClass()

Using factory methods - xyzFactory.getInstance( )

Using newInstance( ) method - (Class.forName(xyzClass))emp.newInstance( )

By cloning an already available object - (xyzClass)obj1.clone( )

Sample Code for object initialization using clone

Sample Code for object initialization using getInstance

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Q1623. What is Generalization and Specialization in terms of casting ?

Core Java

Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.

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Q1624. Can we call the garbage collector explicitly ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes, We can call garbage collector directly but it doesn't guarantees that the gc will start executing immediately. This gc( ) method appears in both Runtime and System classes of java.lang package.

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Advanced level question usually asked to senior developers , leads and architects.

Q1625. How does volatile affect code optimization by compiler?

Core Java

Ans. Volatile is an instruction that the variables can be accessed by multiple threads and hence shouldn't be cached. As volatile variables are never cached and hence their retrieval cannot be optimized.

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Q1626. Should good code be self-documenting, or is it the responsibility of the developer to document it?

Process

Ans. Open ended Questions.

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Q1627. What are points to consider in terms of access modifier when we are overriding any method?

Core Java

Ans. 1. Overriding method can not be more restrictive than the overridden method.

reason : in case of polymorphism , at object creation jvm look for actual runtime object. jvm does not look for reference type and while calling methods it look for overridden method.

If by means subclass were allowed to change the access modifier on the overriding method, then suddenly at runtime when the JVM invokes the true objects version of the method rather than the reference types version then it will be problematic

2. In case of subclass and superclass define in different package, we can override only those method which have public or protected access.

3. We can not override any private method because private methods can not be inherited and if method can not be inherited then method can not be overridden.

Sample Code for Overriding

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Q1628. what is covariant return type?

Core Java

Ans. co-variant return type states that return type of overriding method can be subtype of the return type declared in method of superclass. it has been introduced since jdk 1.5

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Q1629. Why is Java considered Portable Language ?

Core Java

Ans. Java is a portable-language because without any modification we can use Java byte-code in any platform(which supports Java). So this byte-code is portable and we can use in any other major platforms.

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Q1630. Does every class needs to have one non parameterized constructor ?

Core Java

Ans. No. Every Class only needs to have one constructor - With parameters or without parameters. Compiler provides a default non parameterized constructor if no constructors is defined.

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Q1631. Difference between throw and throws ?

Core Java

Ans. throw is used to explicitly throw an exception especially custom exceptions, whereas throws is used to declare that the method can throw an exception.

We cannot throw multiple exceptions using throw statement but we can declare that a method can throw multiple exceptions using throws and comma separator.

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Q1632. Similarity and Difference between static block and static method ?

Core Java

Ans. Both belong to the class as a whole and not to the individual objects. Static methods are explicitly called for execution whereas Static block gets executed when the Class gets loaded by the JVM.

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Q1633. What are the platforms supported by Java Programming Language?

Core Java

Ans. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS, etc

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Q1634. How Java provide high Performance ?

Core Java

Ans. Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that turns Java bytecode into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.

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Q1635. What is IDE ? List few Java IDE ?

Tool

Ans. IDE stands of Integrated Development Environment. Few Java IDE's are WSAD ( Websphhere Application Developer ) , RAD ( Rational Application Developer ) , Eclipse and Netbeans.

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Q1636. What is a Class ?

Core Java

Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.

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Q1637. According to Java Operator precedence, which operator is considered to be with highest precedence?

Core Java

Ans. Postfix operators i.e () [] . is at the highest precedence.

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Q1638. What data type Variable can be used in a switch statement ?

Core Java

Ans. Variables used in a switch statement can only be a byte, short, int, or char ( and String with Java 7 and above )

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Q1639. What are the sub classes of Exception class?

Core Java

Ans. The Exception class has two main subclasses : IOException class and RuntimeException Class.

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Q1640. How finally used under Exception Handling?

Core Java

Ans. The finally keyword is used to create a block of code that follows a try block. A finally block of code always executes, whether or not an exception has occurred.

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Q1641. What things should be kept in mind while creating your own exceptions in Java?

Core Java

Ans. All exceptions must be a child of Throwable.

If you want to write a checked exception that is automatically enforced by the Handle or Declare Rule, you need to extend the Exception class.

You want to write a runtime exception, you need to extend the RuntimeException class.

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Q1642. What is Comparable Interface?

Core Java

Ans. It is used to sort collections and arrays of objects using the collections.sort() and java.utils. The objects of the class implementing the Comparable interface can be ordered.

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Q1643. Explain Set Interface?

Core Java

Ans. It is a collection of element which cannot contain duplicate elements. The Set interface contains only methods inherited from Collection and adds the restriction that duplicate elements are prohibited.

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Q1644. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?

Core Java

Ans. The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented

Sample Code for InputStream

Sample Code for OutputStream

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Q1645. What are use cases?

Process

Ans. It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a situation that a program might encounter and what behavior the program should exhibit in that circumstance.

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Q1646. What is the difference between a break statement and a continue statement?

Core Java

Ans. Break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and return control to the loop statement.

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Q1647. What is the purpose of the System class?

Core Java

Ans. The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.

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Q1648. Variable of the boolean type is automatically initialized as?

Core Java

Ans. The default value of the boolean type is false.

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Q1649. What is the Locale class?

Ans. The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular geographic, political, or cultural region

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Q1650. What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to run Java programs?

Ans. CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.

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