Interview Questions and Answers for 'Java' | Search Interview Question

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Q1421. How to generate getters and setters automatically in eclipse ?

Ans. Right Click -> Source -> Generate Getters and Setters.

and it will open up a dialog wherein we can select the fields to generate Getters and Setters.

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Q1422. What are the considerations to be made in case of loops in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. It shouldn't result in infinite loop. Please make sure that you have a condition that will terminate the loop and that condition should be reached.

2. Make sure to use the break statement if you aspire to only look for something. Not using break will unnecessarily execute it till the end of for loop in some cases.

3. Similarly use continue to execute the loop with next iteration and bypass the rest of the code block if required.

4. Try to avoid multiple nesting of for loops. If it''s required, Make sure to use break and continue properly so as to avoid some unnecessary processing.

5. Make sure to use try catch within the loop and not outside the for loop if you expect it to continue if one of the iteration fails.

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Q1423. Tell me something about AssertionError ?

Core Java

Ans. AssertionError is actually a fatal fault or a bug in the program. We may not like to continue program , request or thread execution if this error occurs as this condition is the assumption to continue further execution.

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Q1424. Should we create system software ( e.g Operating system ) in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. No, Java runs on a virtual machine called JVM and hence doesn't embed well with the underlying hardware. Though we can create a platform independent system software but that would be really slow and that's what we would never need.

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Q1425. What is Java primarily used for ?

Core Java

Ans. For creating platform independent software applications.

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Q1426. Shall we keep the enumeration name in all capital letters as it contains all constants ?

Ans. Enum is actually a class with pre defined constants. So enum name should follow the convention of the Class name. Though the constant names or the Enum variables should follow the convention of having all capital letters.

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Q1427. Why can't we use this in static context ?

Core Java

Ans. Static methods can be called using instance references wherein this would have made sense but static method can also be called using Class name wherein this would mean nothing and hence forbidden.

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Q1428. In majority of the situations it won't make much sense whether you append this with the instance method call.Can you tell a situation wherein this keyword would make sense in a instance method ?

Core Java

Ans. Within instance method of the parent class that has other multiple methods that have been overridden by the derived classes.

In such case a simple method call from the common method will always be made to the method definition in the parent class. But If we use this.methodCall , this will be polymorphic and will be made to the respective derived object overriding method.

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Q1429. Why is null == null returns true ?

Core Java

Ans. Any reference in java that doesn't point to any object , gets assigned null i.e is a reference to null. Two object references in java are treated equal if they point to the same memory. That's Why null == null results true.

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Q1430. How is HashSet maintained in memory by Java ?

Core Java

Ans. HashSet is maintained as HashMap by Java with values of the HashSet as Keys of the HashMap and value of the HashMap as the constant PRESENT.

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Q1431. What is Closeable ?

Core Java

Ans. A Closeable is an interface which is a source or destination of data that can be closed.

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Q1432. Why do we need Inner classes ? Cant we just work with outer classes wherever we implement Inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes, we can substitute outer classes wherever we need to have inner classes but Inner classes have advantage in certain cases and hence preferred -

Ease - Why to implement a class outside if its objects are only intended to be part of an outer object. Its easy to define the class within another class if the use is only local.

Protection - Making a call an outer exposes a threat of it being used by any of the class. Why should it be made an outer class if its object should only occur as part of other objects.

For example - You may like to have an class address whose object should have a reference to city and by design thats the only use of city you have in your application. Making Address and City as outer class exposes City to any of the Class. Making it an inner class of Address will make sure that its accessed using object of Address.

Sample Code for inner class

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q1433. What is the @FunctionalInterface annotation ?

Core Java

Ans. This is an informative annotation that specify that the interface is a functional interface. A Function Interface has only one abstract method and many default methods. Compiler generates an error if the interface specified with the annotation doesn't abide by the specifications for functional interface.

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Q1434. Name some Java REST services frameworks ?

Rest

Ans. Jersey , Restlet , RestX, Spring , RestEasy ,Restfulie, Play Framework

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Q1435. Is this valid in Java ?

Long x = new Long ("42");

Core Java

Ans. Yes. Long wrapper class has overloaded constructor which takes String as input and then translate it to the long value and stored it as long.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q1436. Difference between final and effectively final ? Why is effectively final even required ?

Core Java

Ans. Final variable means a variable that has been declared final and hence cannot be de referenced after initialization. Effective final means a variable that has not been declared final but haven't been reassigned the value after initialization.

First is the regulation that restricts the reassignment and will raise a compilation error if we try to do so. Second is the outcome without the restriction.

Effective Final is the eventual treatment of the variable that is required for many features. For eq - Java 8 requires that local variables referenced from a lambda expression must be final or effectively final.It means all local referenced from lambda expressions must be such that their value shouldn't be changed after initialization whether declared final or not.

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Very Frequently asked.

Q1437. Explain throw, throws , try and catch in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.

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Q1438. What is classpath in a project?

Core Java

Ans. ClassPath is the path where Java looks for class files to resolve the dependencies. For example - If you are using a class "xyz" in your code and have specified the respective import, Where should Java look for the definition of xyz. Java determines using the class path settings.

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Q1439. Why is a constant defined as a static final in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Final makes sure that the value doesn't change after initialization and static makes sure that there is only one copy that can be shared across objects.

Making it non static will unnecessarily create a different copy per object wherein the same value will kept for all copies ( as its final and cannot be changed ).

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced developers. Among the first few questions in many interviews.

Q1440. What are the difference between composition and inheritance in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Composition - has-a relationship between objects.
Inheritance - is-a relationship between classes.

Composition - Composing object holds a reference to composed objects and hence relationship is loosely bound.
Inheritance - Derived object carries the base class definition in itself and hence its tightly bound.

Composition - Used in Dependency Injection
Inheritance - Used in Runtime Polymorphism

Composition - Single class objects can be composed within multiple classes.
Inheritance - Single class can only inherit 1 Class.

Composition - Its the relationship between objects.
Inheritance - Its the relationship between classes.

Sample Code for inheritance

Sample Code for composition

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Q1441. What is the difference between public class and class ?

Core Java

Ans. Class without any access specifier has the default scope i.e it can be accessed by any class within same package.

Class declared public can be accessed from anywhere.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.

Q1442. Why do we write public static void main ? Can we use some other syntax too for main ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. public is the access modifier that makes the method accessible from anywhere, static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object, void means it doesn't return anything , String args[] is the array of argument that the method receives.

2. If we use main without the string args , it will compile correctly as Java will treat it as just another method. It wont be the method "main" which Java looks for when it looks to execute the class and hence will throw

Error: Main method not found in class , please define the main method as:
public static void main(String[] args)

3. Main is not a keyword but a special string that Java looks for while initiating the main thread.

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Q1443. Why every object constructor automatically call super() in Object before its own constructors?

Core Java

Ans. Derived object carries the body of its class as well as the body of the parent class. Its body ( member elements ) is initialized using its own class constructor whereas the body ( member elements ) carried from the parent class are initialized using super class constructor. So In order to initialize the elements of the parent class before its own elements are even initialized, super is called.

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Q1444. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q1445. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q1446. How is Abstraction implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction is provided in Java by following ways -

Coding to the ( Interfaces / Abstract Classes ) or contracts

By Encapsulating details within classes and exposing the minimal Door ( few public methods )

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Q1447. Give an Example for Builder Pattern ?

Core Java

Ans. String str = new StringBuilder().append("Buggy").append("Bread").toString();

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Q1448. What are some different logging levels for log4j ?

Log4j

Ans. DEBUG
ERROR
ALL
WARN
INFO
FATAL
OFF
TRACE
TRACE_INT
WARN

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Q1449. Is this Polymorphism ?

Map<String, List<String>> inventoryManagerCountMap = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>>();

Core Java

Ans. No. This will result in compilation error as Polymorphism cannot be performed on Object types.

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Rarely asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q1450. Difference between DoubleSummaryStatistics , IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics ?

Core Java

Ans. They all does the same task i.e to compute statistical information on the stream of data. They differ by the way they store the statistical information as they expect a different data type of the values being used.

IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics expect non floating point values and hence stores the statistical information like min,max and sum as non floating values ( int or long ) whereas DoubleSummaryStatistics stores these information as floating value.

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