Interview Questions and Answers for 'Technologie' | Search Interview Question

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Frequently asked question for intermediate developers. Frequently asked in HCL Technologies and EPAM.

Q211. What is Volatile keyword used for ?

Core Java

Ans. Volatile is a declaration that a variable can be accessed by multiple threads and hence shouldnt be cached.

Sample Code for volatile

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Frequently asked in Cognizant (CTS)

Q212. What is Serialization ? Why do we need it ?

Core Java

Ans. Storing the state of an object in a file or other medium is called serialization.

Classes can communicate only if they are built together ( as they need Byte code for communication ). What if we need to enable communication between different applications ( i.e they have been built independently or even they reside at different locations ), We need a mechanism that will transfer the Bean state to a Medium than can be transferred to the receiving application.

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Q213. What is the use of Transient Keyword ?

Core Java

Ans. It in Java is used to indicate that a field should not be serialized.

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Very Frequently asked.Favorite question in Walk in drive for many Indian service companies.

Q214. What is a Final Class ?

Ans. A Class that cannot be sub classed.

Sample Code for final class

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked with questions related to String. Frequently asked at CTS / Cognizant

Q215. What is an Immutable Object ?

Core Java

Ans. Object that can't be changed after instantiation.

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Very Frequently asked. Usually asked along with String Class related questions.

Q216. What is an immutable class ?

Core Java

Ans. Class using which only immutable (objects that cannot be changed after initialization) objects can be created.

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Q217. How to implement an immutable class ?

Core Java

Ans. We can make a class immutable by

1. Making all methods and variables as private.

2. Setting variables within constructor.

Public Class ImmutableClass{

private int member;
ImmutableClass(int var){
member=var;
}
}

and then we can initialize the object of the class as

ImmutableClass immutableObject = new ImmutableClass(5);

Now all members being private , you cant change the state of the object.

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Very frequently asked in phone and walk in interviews.

Q218. What are Marker Interfaces ? Name few Java marker interfaces ?

Core Java

Ans. An interface without any method declaration is called as marker interface. there are 3 in-built interfaces in JVM i.e. serializable, clonable, remote

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.

Q219. What is a Deadlock ?

Operating System

Ans. When two threads are waiting each other and cant precede the program is said to be deadlock.

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Q220. What is a Static import ?

Core Java

Ans. By static import , we can access the static members of a class directly without prefixing it with the class name.

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Very frequently asked. Usually difference between String,StringBuffer and StringBuilder is asked in different variations.

Q221. Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder ?

Core Java

Ans. StringBuffer is synchronized whereas StringBuilder is not.

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Very frequently asked in different variations. Frequently asked in Deloitte ( 2 feedback ) , HCL Tech ( 3 feedback ), TCS and Coginizant (CTS)

Q222. Explain the scenerios to choose between String , StringBuilder and StringBuffer ?

or

What is the difference between String , StringBuilder and StringBuffer ?

Core Java

Ans. If the Object value will not change, use String Class because a String object is immutable.

If the Object value can change and will only be modified from a single thread, use StringBuilder because StringBuilder is unsynchronized(means faster).

If the Object value may change, and can be modified by multiple threads, use a StringBuffer because StringBuffer is thread safe(synchronized).

Sample Code for String

Sample Code for StringBuffer

Sample Code for StringBuilder

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Recently asked in Infoview Technologies.

Q223. What is a Default Constructor ?

Core Java

Ans. The no argument constructor provided by Java Compiler if no constructor is specified.

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Q224. What is reflection ?

Ans. It is the process of examining / modifying the behaviour of an object at runtime.

Sample Code for reflection

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Q225. what is the difference between collections class vs collections interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections class is a utility class having static methods for doing operations on objects of classes which implement the Collection interface. For example, Collections has methods for finding the max element in a Collection.

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Advanced level question. Recently asked in few Indian service companies ( Based on 3 inputs )

Q226. What are various types of Class loaders used by JVM ?

Core Java

Ans. Bootstrap - Loads JDK internal classes, java.* packages.

Extensions - Loads jar files from JDK extensions directory - usually lib/ext directory of the JRE

System - Loads classes from system classpath.

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies. Frequently asked in HCL Technologies, TCS and Accenture.

Q227. What is the difference between final, finally and finalize() ?

Core Java

Ans. final - constant variable, objects cannot be de-referenced, restricting method overriding, restricting class sub classing.

finally - handles exception. The finally block is optional and provides a mechanism to clean up regardless of what happens within the try block. Use the finally block to close files or to release other system resources like database connections, statements etc.

finalize() - method helps in garbage collection. A method that is invoked before an object is discarded by the garbage collector, allowing it to clean up its state.

Sample Code for final

Sample Code for finally

Sample Code for finalize

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Q228. When do you get ClassCastException?

or

What is ClassCastException ?

Ans. As we only downcast class in the hierarchy, The ClassCastException is thrown to indicate that code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates and less experienced developers.

Q229. What is a daemon thread? Give an Example ?

Ans. These are threads that normally run at a low priority and provide a basic service to a program or programs when activity on a machine is reduced. garbage collector thread is daemon thread.

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Q230. Difference between SAX and DOM Parser ?

Xml

Ans. A DOM (Document Object Model) parser creates a tree structure in memory from an input document whereas A SAX (Simple API for XML) parser does not create any internal structure.

A SAX parser serves the client application always only with pieces of the document at any given time whereas A DOM parser always serves the client application with the entire document no matter how much is actually needed by the client.

A SAX parser, however, is much more space efficient in case of a big input document whereas DOM parser is rich in functionality.

Use a DOM Parser if you need to refer to different document areas before giving back the information. Use SAX is you just need unrelated nuclear information from different areas.

Xerces, Crimson are SAX Parsers whereas XercesDOM, SunDOM, OracleDOM are DOM parsers.

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Q231. What is JAXP ?

Xml

Ans. Stands for Java API for XML Processing. This provides a common interface for creating and using SAX, DOM, and XSLT APIs in Java regardless of which vendorâ€™s implementation is actually being used.

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Q232. What is JAXB ?

Xml

Ans. Stands for Java API for XML Binding. This standard defines a mechanism for writing out Java objects as XML and for creating Java objects from XML structures.

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Q233. What is marshalling ?

Xml

Ans. Its the process of creating XML structures out of Java Objects which is used to traverse information across the network.

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Frequently asked in CTS ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q234. What is the difference between comparable and comparator in java.util pkg?

Core Java

Ans. Comparable interface is used for single sequence sorting i.e.sorting the objects based on single data member where as comparator interface is used to sort the object based on multiple data members.

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Recently asked in TCS , Tech Mahindra, HCL , Accenture and Fidelity.

Q235. Explain Flow of Spring MVC ?

Spring

Ans. The DispatcherServlet configured in web.xml file receives the request.

The DispatcherServlet finds the appropriate Controller with the help of HandlerMapping and then invokes associated Controller.

Then the Controller executes the logic business logic and then returns ModeAndView object to the DispatcherServlet.

The DispatcherServlet determines the view from the ModelAndView object.

Then the DispatcherServlet passes the model object to the View.

The View is rendered and the Dispatcher Servlet sends the output to the Servlet container.

Finally Servlet Container sends the result back to the user.

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Very Frequently asked Spring question.

Q236. What is bean auto wiring?

Spring

Ans. The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between collaborating beans. This means that it is possible to automatically let Spring resolve collaborators (other beans) for your bean by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory without using and elements.

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Q237. Difference between socket and servlet ?

Java EE

Ans. servlet is a small, server-resident program that typically runs automatically in response to user input.
A network socket is an endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network.

We can think of it as a difference between door and gate. They are similar as they both are entry points but they are different as they are put up at different areas.

Sockets are for low-level network communication whereas Servlets are for implementing websites and web services

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Q238. What are the phases of the JSP life cycle ?

Java EE

Ans. Translation of JSP PageCompilation of JSP PageClassloading (class file is loaded by the classloader)Instantiation (Object of the Generated Servlet is created).Initialization ( jspInit() method is invoked by the container).Reqeust processing ( _jspService() method is invoked by the container).Destroy ( jspDestroy() method is invoked by the container).

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Very frequently asked.Usually among first few questions.

Q239. What is MVC ?

Design

Ans. MVC is a Design Pattern that facilititates loose coupling by segregating responsibilities in a Web application

1. Controller receives the requests and handles overall control of the request
2. Model holds majority of the Business logic, and
3. View comprise of the view objects and GUI component

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Q240. What is an applet? What is the lifecycle of an applet?

Ans. Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser.

Lifecycle methods of Applet -

init( ) method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded
start( ) method - Can be called each time an applet is started
paint( ) method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized
stop( ) method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet's page
destroy( ) method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet

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