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Ans. 1.Abstraction solves the problem at design level while encapsulation solves the problem at implementation level
2.Abstraction is used for hiding the unwanted data and giving relevant data. while Encapsulation means hiding the code and data into a single unit to protect the data from outside world.
3. Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it while Encapsulation means hiding the internal details or mechanics of how an object does something.
4.For example: Outer Look of a Television, like it has a display screen and channel buttons to change channel it explains Abstraction but Inner Implementation detail of a Television how CRT and Display Screen are connect with each other using different circuits , it explains Encapsulation.
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Ans. Java doesn't support multiple inheritance. Interfaces does't facilitate inheritance and hence implementation of multiple interfaces doesn't make multiple inheritance.
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Ans. There are two types of casting, casting between primitive numeric types and casting between object references. Casting between numeric types is used to convert larger values, such as double values, to smaller values, such as byte values. Casting between object references is used to refer to an object by a compatible class, interface, or array type reference
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Ans. Checked exceptions are the exceptions for which compiler throws an errors if they are not checked whereas unchecked exceptions are caught during run time only and hence can't be checked.
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Ans. Collections class is a utility class having static methods for doing operations on objects of classes which implement the Collection interface. For example, Collections has methods for finding the max element in a Collection.
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Q28. What is the advantage of using arrays over variables ?
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Ans. Arrays provide a structure wherein multiple values can be accessed using single reference and index. This helps in iterating over the values using loops.
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Q29. Advantage of Collection classes over Arrays ?
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Ans. Collections are re-sizable in nature. We can increase or decrease the size as per recruitment. Collections can hold both homogeneous and heterogeneous data's. Every collection follows some standard data structures. Collection provides many useful built in methods for traversing,sorting and search.
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Q30. What is the difference between System.out ,System.err and System.in?
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Ans. System.out and System.err both represent the monitor by default and hence can be used to send data or results to the monitor. But System.out is used to display normal messages and results whereas System.err is used to display error messages and System.in represents InputStream object, which by default represents standard input device, i.e., keyboard.
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Ans. Java is a portable-language because without any modification we can use Java byte-code in any platform(which supports Java). So this byte-code is portable and we can use in any other major platforms.
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Ans. throw is used to explicitly throw an exception especially custom exceptions, whereas throws is used to declare that the method can throw an exception.
We cannot throw multiple exceptions using throw statement but we can declare that a method can throw multiple exceptions using throws and comma separator.
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Ans. Object is a run time entity whose state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via methods. Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication.
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Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.
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Ans. The finally keyword is used to create a block of code that follows a try block. A finally block of code always executes, whether or not an exception has occurred.
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Ans. Break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and return control to the loop statement.
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Ans. An enumeration is an interface containing methods for accessing the underlying data structure from which the enumeration is obtained. It allows sequential access to all the elements stored in the collection.
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Ans. PATH is the variable that holds the directories for the OS to look for executables. CLASSPATH is the variable that holds the directories for JVM to look for .class files ( Byte Code ).
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Which of the following Java feature promotes Code Re usability ?
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