Interview Questions and Answers for 'Tree' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers for 'Tree' - 62 question(s) found - Order By Rating

Q1. What are the 22 possible values of x where x== -x (true) ?

Ans. byte x = 0;
short x = 0;
char x = 0;
int x = 0;
int x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
float x = 0.0f;
float x = -0.0f;
long x = 0;
long x = Long.MIN_VALUE;
double x = 0.0;
double x = -0.0;
Byte x = 0;
Short x = 0;
Character x = 0;
Integer x = 0;
Integer x = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
Float x = 0.0f;
Float x = -0.0f;
Long x = 0L;
Long x = Long.MIN_VALUE;
Double x = 0.0;
Double x = -0.0;

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Q2. Difference between TreeMap and SortedMap ?

Core Java

Ans. sortedMap is an interface ,while TreeMap is an implementation of sortMap.

We can not create an instance of sortedMap but we can create an instance of treeMap

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Q3. What are the disadvantages of binary search trees?

Algorithm

^{This question was recently asked at 'ServiceNow'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q4. How to sort objects based on one of the field ?

Core Java

Ans. Using comparable and comparator and sorted collections like TreeSet or TreeMap.

or

use stream api from java 8 onwards which internally refers to comparable and comparator through lambda expressions

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Q5. What is the difference between TreeSet and TreeMap ?

Core Java

Ans. TreeSet contains only values as elements whereas TreeMap contains Key value pairs.

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Q6. Write a method that returns maximum depth of a tree ?

Algorithm

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Q7. Describe SQL Joins

Database

Ans. Oracle having following types of joins these are also called 8i joins. There are:

1. Equi (or) Inner join
2. Non Equi join
3.Self join
4.Outer join

Oracle also support the 9i (or) ANSI standard joins.There are:

1.Inner join
2.Left outer join
3.Right outer join
4.Full outer join
5.Natural join

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Q8. What is difference between clustered and non clustered index?

Database

Ans. The clustered index determines how the data is stored in the rows of a table.The non-clustered index stores the data at a single place and the indexes are stored at another place.

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Q9. In a Tree, find common ancestor of two nodes.

Data Structures

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Q10. Difference between Tree and Graph ?

Data Structures

Ans. Graph contain cycles whereas Trees cannot.

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Q11. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Q12. Write code to check if a Binary tree is symmetrical

Algorithm

^{This question was recently asked at 'Amazon'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q13. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q14. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q15. What is a binary tree ?

Algorithm

Ans. Binary tree is a tree in which each node has up to two children.Tree is a data structure composed of nodes.Each tree has a root node(not necessary in graph theory). The root node has zero or more child nodes.Each child node has zero or more child nodes, and so on.The tree cannot contain cycles.

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Q16. What are the different ways to handle an exception ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. Wrap the desired code in try block followed by a catch / finally to catch the exception

2. Declare the throws clause with exceptions that the code is expected to throw as an indication to the calling method to take care of it.

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Q17. What is the problem with this code

double x=10.04;
int a = x;

Ans. It will give an error saying 'cannot convert from double to int'

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Q18. Difference between Array and ArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. <a href="http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html" rel="nofollow">http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html</a>

Sample Code for ArrayList

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Q19. Difference beween HashSet and TreeSet ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. HashSet doesnt maintain its elements in any specific order and is all random whereas TreeSet maintains elements in natural order 9 order defined by the equals method of TreeSet element type )

2. TreeSet doesnt allow null elements whereas HashMap does.

3. As TreeSet orders elements and is hence insertion is comparatively slower.

4. HashSet performs basic operations like add(), remove(), contains(), size() etc. in a constant size time. A TreeSet performs these operations at the order of log(n) time.

5. HashMap in Java internally backs a HashSet. A NavigableMap backs a TreeSet internally.

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Basic and Very Frequently asked.

Q20. What is Polymorphism in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Polymorphism means the condition of occurring in several different forms.

Polymorphism in Java is achieved in two manners

1. Static polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at compile time and is achieved through function overloading whereas

2. Dynamic polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at runtime and is achieved through method overriding.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Q21. What is a cookie ?

Java EE

Ans. A cookie is a small piece of text stored on a user's computer by the browser for a specific domain. Commonly used for authentication, storing site preferences, and server session identification.

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.

Q22. Difference between TreeMap and HashMap ?

Core Java

Ans. They are different the way their elements are stored in memory. TreeMap stores the Keys in order whereas HashMap stores the key value pairs randomly.

Sample Code for treemap

Sample Code for hashmap

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Very frequently asked. Among first few questions in almost all interviews. Among Top 5 frequently asked questions. Frequently asked in Indian service companies (HCL,TCS,Infosys,Capgemini etc based on multiple feedback ) and Epam Systems

Q23. Difference between == and .equals() ?

Core Java

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality, whereas "==" operator evaluate to see if the object handlers on the left and right are pointing to the same object in memory.

x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal. x==y means that the references x and y have same object.

Sample code:

String x = new String("str");
String y = new String("str");

System.out.println(x == y); // prints false
System.out.println(x.equals(y)); // prints true

Sample Code for equals

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Frequently asked in all types of companies especially Indian Services companies. Frequently asked in CTS (Based on 2 feedback)

Q24. What is the use of hashcode in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc. The value received from hashcode() is used as bucket number for storing elements. This bucket number is the address of the element inside the set/map. when you do contains() then it will take the hashcode of the element, then look for the bucket where hashcode points to and if more than 1 element is found in the same bucket (multiple objects can have the same hashcode) then it uses the equals() method to evaluate if object are equal, and then decide if contain() is true or false, or decide if element could be added in the set or not.

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Frequently asked in Infosys India

Q25. What is a String Pool ?

Core Java

Ans. String pool (String intern pool) is a special storage area in Java heap. When a string is created and if the string already exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned, instead of creating a new object and returning its reference.

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Advanced level question. Frequently asked in High end product companies. Frequently asked in Google , Cognizant and Deloitte ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q26. Why is String immutable in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. String Pool - When a string is created and if it exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned instead of creating a new object. If string is not immutable, changing the string with one reference will lead to the wrong value for the other references.

Example -

String str1 = "String1";
String str2 = "String1"; // It doesn't create a new String and rather reuses the string literal from pool

// Now both str1 and str2 pointing to same string object in pool, changing str1 will change it for str2 too

2. To Cache its Hashcode - If string is not immutable, One can change its hashcode and hence it's not fit to be cached.

3. Security - String is widely used as parameter for many java classes, e.g. network connection, opening files, etc. Making it mutable might possess threats due to interception by the other code segment.

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Q27. What is casting?

Core Java

Ans. There are two types of casting, casting between primitive numeric types and casting between object references. Casting between numeric types is used to convert larger values, such as double values, to smaller values, such as byte values. Casting between object references is used to refer to an object by a compatible class, interface, or array type reference

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Very Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced. Favorite question in Walk in drives. Frequently asked in Indian Services companies.

Q28. Difference between Overloading and Overriding ?

Core Java

Ans. Overloading - Similar Signature but different definition , like function overloading.

Overriding - Overriding the Definition of base class in the derived class.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Q29. What is reflection ?

Ans. It is the process of examining / modifying the behaviour of an object at runtime.

Sample Code for reflection

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Advanced level question. Recently asked in few Indian service companies ( Based on 3 inputs )

Q30. What are various types of Class loaders used by JVM ?

Core Java

Ans. Bootstrap - Loads JDK internal classes, java.* packages.

Extensions - Loads jar files from JDK extensions directory - usually lib/ext directory of the JRE

System - Loads classes from system classpath.

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