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Ans. These are the platforms or set of services provided by Amazon for cloud services , database storage , content delivery and other business applications and solutions.
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Q284. Given a string with multiple opening and closing brackets, determine if the string is valid or not ( to see if the string has all closing brackets for each opening bracket ) ?
Ans. array is traversed from first element to last element. Here current element is compared with next element. If current element is greater than next element it is swapped.
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Ans. Amazon Simple Storage Service or S3 is object storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.
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Q297. How would you count the number of words in a string consisting of uneven number of spaces between words( not dictionary words)? With and without library functions.
Ans. The Java runtime environment deletes objects when it determines that they are no longer being used. This process is known as garbage collection. The Java runtime environment supports a garbage collector that periodically frees the memory used by objects that are no longer needed. The Java garbage collector is a mark-sweep garbage collector that scans Java dynamic memory areas for objects, marking those that are referenced. After all possible paths to objects are investigated, those objects that are not marked (i.e. are not referenced) are known to be garbage and are collected.
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Ans. 1.Abstraction solves the problem at design level while encapsulation solves the problem at implementation level
2.Abstraction is used for hiding the unwanted data and giving relevant data. while Encapsulation means hiding the code and data into a single unit to protect the data from outside world.
3. Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it while Encapsulation means hiding the internal details or mechanics of how an object does something.
4.For example: Outer Look of a Television, like it has a display screen and channel buttons to change channel it explains Abstraction but Inner Implementation detail of a Television how CRT and Display Screen are connect with each other using different circuits , it explains Encapsulation.
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Ans. Underlying data structure for ArrayList is Array whereas LinkedList is the linked list and hence have following differences -
1. ArrayList needs continuous memory locations and hence need to be moved to a bigger space if new elements are to be added to a filled array which is not required for LinkedList.
2. Removal and Insertion at specific place in ArrayList requires moving all elements and hence leads to O(n) insertions and removal whereas its constant O(1) for LinkedList.
3. Random access using index in ArrayList is faster than LinkedList which requires traversing the complete list through references.
4. Though Linear Search takes Similar Time for both, Binary Search using LinkedList requires creating new Model called Binary Search Tree which is slower but offers constant time insertion and deletion.
5. For a set of integers you want to sort using quicksort, it's probably faster to use an array; for a set of large structures you want to sort using selection sort, a linked list will be faster.
Ans. Composition - has-a relationship between objects.
Inheritance - is-a relationship between classes.
Composition - Composing object holds a reference to composed objects and hence relationship is loosely bound.
Inheritance - Derived object carries the base class definition in itself and hence its tightly bound.
Composition - Used in Dependency Injection
Inheritance - Used in Runtime Polymorphism
Composition - Single class objects can be composed within multiple classes.
Inheritance - Single class can only inherit 1 Class.
Composition - Its the relationship between objects.
Inheritance - Its the relationship between classes.
Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).
A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.
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