Interview Questions and Answers for 'OOP' | Search Interview Question

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Q91. Can we reduce the visibility of the overridden method ?

Core Java

Ans. No

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Q92. Can static method access instance variables ?

Core Java

Ans. Though Static methods cannot access the instance variables directly, They can access them using instance handler.

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Q93. Does java allow overriding static methods ?

Core Java

Ans. No. Static methods belong to the class and not the objects. They belong to the class and hence doesn't fit properly for the polymorphic behavior.

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Q94. Why java doesn't support multiple Inheritence ?

Core Java

Ans. class A {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

class B {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

Suppose if Java allows multiple inheritance like this,

class C extends A, B {
}

A and B test() methods are inheriting to C class.

So which test() method C class will take? As A & B class test() methods are different , So here we would Facing Ambiguity.

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Q95. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?

Ans. Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overrides. The overriding method may not throw any exceptions that may not be thrown by the overridden method.

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Q96. Explain static blocks in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. A static initialization block is a normal block of code enclosed in braces, { }, and preceded by the static keyword. Here is an example:

static {
// whatever code is needed for initialization goes here
}

A class can have any number of static initialization blocks, and they can appear anywhere in the class body. The runtime system guarantees that static initialization blocks are called in the order that they appear in the source code.

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Q97. Explain use of nested or inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Sometime we just need classes or class objects just to be used as part of a particular class or objects. Making them non nested won't make any difference as far as functionality is concerner but making them Nested provide a level of convenience and protection fro, being used anywhere else. Moreover it helps reducing the Code.

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Q98. What is a finalize method ?

Core Java

Ans. finalize() method is called just before an object is destroyed.

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Q99. Is runnable a Marker interface ?

Core Java

Ans. No , it has run method declared.

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Q100. What is a Default Constructor ?

Core Java

Ans. The no argument constructor provided by Java Compiler if no constructor is specified.

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Q101. Will Compiler creates a default no argument constructor if we specify only multi argument constructor ?

Ans. No, Compiler will create default constructor only if we don't specify any constructor.

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Q102. Can we overload constructors ?

Ans. Yes.

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Q103. What will happen if we make the constructor private ?

Core Java

Ans. We can't create the objects directly by invoking new operator.

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Q104. What is the benefit of inner / nested classes ?

Core Java

Ans. You can put related classes together as a single logical group.

Nested classes can access all class members of the enclosing class, which might be useful in certain cases.

Nested classes are sometimes useful for specific purposes. For example, anonymous inner classes are useful for writing simpler event-handling code with AWT/Swing.

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Q105. Explain Static nested Classes ?

Ans. The accessibility (public, protected, etc.) of the static nested class is defined by the outer class.

A static nested class is not an inner class, it's a top-level nested class.

The name of the static nested class is expressed with OuterClassName.NestedClassName syntax.

When you define an inner nested class (or interface) inside an interface, the nested class is declared implicitly public and static.

Static nested classes can be declared abstract or final.

Static nested classes can extend another class or it can be used as a base class.

Static nested classes can have static members.

Static nested classes can access the members of the outer class (only static members, obviously).

The outer class can also access the members (even private members) of the nested class through an object of nested class. If you don't declare an instance of the nested class, the outer class cannot access nested class elements directly.

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Q106. Explain Inner Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. The accessibility (public, protected, etc.) of the inner class is defined by the outer class.

Just like top-level classes, an inner class can extend a class or can implement interfaces.

Similarly, an inner class can be extended by other classes, and an inner interface can be implemented or extended by other classes or interfaces.

An inner class can be declared final or abstract.Inner classes can have inner classes, but you will have a hard time reading or understanding such complex nesting of classes.

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Q107. Explain Method Local Inner Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. You can create a non-static local class inside a body of code. Interfaces cannot have local classes, and you cannot create local interfaces.

Local classes are accessible only from the body of the code in which the class is defined. The local classes are completely inaccessible outside the body of the code in which the class is defined.

You can extend a class or implement interfaces while defining a local class.

A local class can access all the variables available in the body of the code in which it is defined. You can pass only final variables to a local inner class.

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Q108. Explain about anonymous inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Anonymous classes are defined in the new expression itself, so you cannot create multiple objects of an anonymous class.

You cannot explicitly extend a class or explicitly implement interfaces when defining an anonymous class.

An anonymous inner class is always created as part of a statement; don't forget to close the statement after the class definition with a curly brace. This is a rare case in Java, a curly brace followed by a semicolon.

Anonymous inner classes have no name, and their type must be either a subclass of the named type or an implementer of the named interface

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Q109. What will happen if class implement two interface having common method?

Ans. That would not be a problem as both are specifying the contract that implement class has to follow.
If class C implement interface A & interface B then Class C thing I need to implement print() because of interface A then again Class think I need to implement print() again because of interface B, it sees that there is already a method called test() implemented so it's satisfied.

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Q110. What is the advantage of using arrays over variables ?

Ans. Arrays provide a structure wherein multiple values can be accessed using single reference and index. This helps in iterating over the values using loops.

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Q111. Can we create an object if a Class doesn't have any constructor ( not even the default provided by constructor ) ?

Ans. Yes , using Class.getInstance.

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Q112. What is a cloneable interface and what all methods does it contain?

Core Java

Ans. Cloneable is a declaration that the class implementing it allows cloning or bitwise copy of it's object state. It is not having any method because it is a MARKER interface.

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Q113. Does every class needs to have one non parameterized constructor ?

Core Java

Ans. No. Every Class only needs to have one constructor - With parameters or without parameters. Compiler provides a default non parameterized constructor if no constructors is defined.

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Q114. Can we use "this" within static method ? Why ?

Core Java

Ans. No. Even though "this" would mean a reference to current object id the method gets called using object reference but "this" would mean an ambiguity if the same static method gets called using Class name.

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Q115. What is an Object ?

Core Java

Ans. Object is a run time entity whose state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via methods. Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication.

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Q116. What is a Class ?

Core Java

Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.

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Q117. What is the difference between a break statement and a continue statement?

Core Java

Ans. Break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and return control to the loop statement.

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Q118. Difference between Encapsulation and Data Hiding ?

Ans. Data Hiding is a broader concept. Encapsulation is a OOP's centri concept which is a way of data hiding in OOP's.

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Q119. Difference between Abstraction and Implementation hiding ?

Ans. Implementation Hiding is a broader concept. Abstraction is a way of implementation hiding in OOP's.

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Q120. What are the examples of Abstraction in Java ?

Ans. function calling - hides implementation details
wrapper classes
new operator - Creates object in memory, calls constructor

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