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Q1541. Given a string and index for the opening bracket, find the index of matching closing bracket.

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Q1542. How can we destroy an object ?

Core Java

Ans. We cannot explicitly initiate destruction of an object as no destroy method is available in java. Only Garbage collection can destroy an object.

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Q1543. When does an object cleaned or destroyed by garbage collection ?

Core Java

Ans. When it is no longer referenced or it looses all references which were earlier pointing to it.

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Q1544. What will be result of following code and why

Integer int1 = 1;
Integer int2 = 1;
String str1 = new String("str");
String str2 = new String("str");
String str3 = "str";
String str4 = "str";

System.out.println(int1 == int2);
System.out.println(str1 == str2);
System.out.println(str3 == str4);

Core Java

Ans. true
false
true

Just like Strings, java maintains an integer constant pool too. So 1 will be maintained in integer constant pool and hence reference int2 will point to same integer in pool.

String pool is only for string literals ( defined by "" ) and not for newly created objects and hence str1 == str2 will return false as they are separate objects in memory.

String pool is used for storing string literals so that they can be reused and str3 and str4 will point to same string literal in string pool.

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Q1545. Does a Junit without any assertions makes any sense ?

Junit

Ans. Yes, If we are testing a code segment to check if throws / doesn't throw an exception. Moreover while testing void methods, we may just verify and not use assert.

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Q1546. If we have to maintain a value "7" denoting "number of days in a week" as constant variable, Which of the following is the best constant name and Why ?

SEVEN
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_WEEK
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_WEEK_7

Core Java

Ans. NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_WEEK

Constant should be such that it uniquely identifies the value it holds and context of the value. SEVEN uniquely identifies the value but doesn't express the context.

Though NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_WEEK and NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_WEEK_7 makes sense in terms of unique value identification and context but 7 at the end of constant name appears useless as all weeks have 7 days and hence it's the only value it can hold. If it would have been "number of days in a month", it would have made sense to include number of days at the end like

NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_30
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_31
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_27
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_28

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Q1547. If we have to maintain a value "31" denoting "number of days in a month" as constant variable, Which of the following is the best constant name and Why ?

THIRTY_ONE
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH
NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_31

Core Java

Ans. NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH_31

Constant should be such that it uniquely identifies the value it holds and context of the value. THIRTY_ONE uniquely identifies the value but doesn't express the context. NUMBER_OF_DAYS_IN_MONTH expresses the context but doesn't specify the value clearly as different month can have different number of days.

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Q1548. Would you consider creating a constant name for "null" ?

Core Java

Ans. Objective of constant variable is to provide a context to the value and provide a single point of change. In terms of context, i don't see much need for having constant name for null as null is already self explanatory. In terms of providing single point of change, it doesn't make much sense as it would necessitate that all such placeholders either hold null or a common value.

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Q1549. Where does database stored procedures gets stored ?

Database

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Q1550. What is a platform ? Is Java a Software or Hardware platforms ?

Core Java

Ans. Platform is the environment in which a program runs. Java provides a software platform for running JVM based applications and programs.

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Q1551. What is the purpose of String Pool ? Don't you think it's a performance overhead to have unnecessary check for string in string pool ?

Core Java

Ans. String Pool makes Java more memory efficient by providing a reusable place for string literals. It might be a little performance inconvenience but results in good amount memory saving.

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Q1552. What is void in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. void is a return type which indicates that the method returns nothing but returns the control to the line next to the method call. All methods need to have a return type and hence a method returning nothing needs to be declared void.

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Q1553. Does all methods need to have a return type ? Is it applicable to constructors too ?

Core Java

Ans. All methods are not expected to return something but Yes, all methods are expected to have a return type. If a method returns nothing, it can be declared with the return type void.

Constructors are not expected to have any return types , not even void.

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Q1554. What is the difference between the 2 methods in Java ?

Class BuggyBread {

BuggyBread(){
}
void BuggyBread(){
}
}

Core Java

Ans. BuggyBread method without any return type is the constructor which get's called upon object creation whereas BuggyBread method with return type of void is just another method that needs to be called explicitly for it's invocation.

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Q1555. Is this constructor overloading ?

What is the difference between the 2 methods in Java ?

Class BuggyBread {

BuggyBread(){
}
void BuggyBread(int x){
}
}

Core Java

Ans. No, first method is a constructor whereas the second method is just a normal method. There is no way a constructor can be called explicitly and hence all explicit calls to BuggyBread() would result in compilation error.

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Q1556. Can we call a constructor explicitly , just like a method ?

Core Java

Ans. No we cannot call a constructor like that.

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Q1557. What is the difference between reference and object ?

Core Java

Ans. Object is an entity in Java , i.e which has a state ( instance variables ) and methods attached to it ( static or non static , through class definition ). References are the identifiers that are used to point to objects.

For example -

Employee emp = new Employee();
emp = new Employee();

In this code, emp is the reference that gets assigned to the new object created by the new operator. In the second line , we have assigned the same reference to another object. So with these 2 lines of code, we have 2 objects in memory with reference emp now pointing to second object.

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Q1558. Make the following class immutable

public class Employee {

   private long employeeId;

   private String employeeName;

   public long getEmployeeId() {
      return employeeId;
   }

public void setEmployeeId(long employeeId) {
      this.employeeId = employeeId;
   }

   public String getEmployeeName() {
      return employeeName;
   }

public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
      this.employeeName = employeeName;
   }
}

Core Java

Ans. public class Employee {

   private long employeeId;

   private String employeeName;

   public Employee(long employeeId,String employeeName){
      this.employeeId = employeeId;
      this.employeeName = employeeName;
   }

   public long getEmployeeId() {
      return employeeId;
   }

   public long getEmployeeName() {
      return employeeName;
   }
}

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Q1559. What are the different layers of cloud computing ?

Infrastructure

Ans. Paas - Platform as a service
Iaas - Infrastructure as a service
Saas - Software as a service

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Q1560. What is a pull request ?

GIT

Ans. It's a facility to shout out your code changes to other collaborators before merging them to the main repository. For example - one may like to have code changes reviewed between his branch and master before merging it to master. So he can open a pull request with the difference between branch and master, get it reviewed and then merge it to master.

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Q1561. What is the use of @Bean annotation in Spring ?

Spring

Ans. There are 2 ways to specify dependencies in Spring, one by the way of specifying beans in config files and other is by specifying annotations like @Bean, @Component , @Service etc to let spring know of the dependencies.

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Q1562. What are the benefits of assertThat over assert in Junits ?

Junit

Ans. assertThat is introduced with Junit4 and offers many advatanges over assert. Messages are more explanatory, offer better type safety and are more readable. Moreover hamcrest library is portable as it can used both with junit and TestNG.Moreover assertThat provides flexibility as the same method can be used for assert , assertEquals,assertTrue etc through the use of matcher methods.

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Q1563. Can you name few matchers that can be used with hamcrest assertThat method ?

Junit

Ans. is
not
equals
anyOf
hasSize

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Q1564. Which of following is / are valid static final declaration ?

public static final String MAX_NUM = "10";
public static final Object NULL = null;
public static final MathContext MATH_CONTEXT = new MathContext(2,RoundingMode.CEILING);

Core Java

Ans. All are valid declarations.

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Q1565. What is event bubbling ?

JavaScript

Ans. LinkedIn

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Q1566. What is event handling ? What is event propagation ?

JavaScript

Ans. LinkedIn

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Q1567. Which of the following is valid greater than and equal to operator in Java ?

>=
=>

Core Java

Ans. >=

=> will result in error.

=> somewhat looks like lambda operator "->"

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Q1568. If given a choice , which one would you prefer to send params to the Get service , path params or query param ?

Web Service

Ans. If the number of params is quite large , I would prefer to either split it with majority of it in query params or all in query params.

If the params are all mandatory , I would keep it as path params. If it's optional , I would keep it as query param so as to keep consistent base url.

If we don't require the param name , then they can be kept as path params as query params necessitates the usage of param name.

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Q1569. Is it necessary to specify "employeeId" with @PathParam("employeeId") in this case,

@Path("/{employeeId}")
public String employeeInfo(@PathParam("employeeId") Long employeeId){
}

Rest

Ans. No, it's optional as the name of path param required is same as method param name in this case.

Even the declaration as following should work -

@Path("/{employeeId}")
public String employeeInfo(@PathParam Long employeeId){
}

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Q1570. What happens when you assign a pre initialized reference some other object ?

Core Java

Ans. Now the reference points to a new object in memory. If that was the only reference for the previous object , it will be marked for garbage collection.

Foe example -

Object obj = new Object();
obj = new Object();

object created in first line will be eligible for garbage collection after line 2 as it looses all it's handlers.

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