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Ans. @Retention annotation specifies how the marked annotation is stored:
@Documented annotation indicates that whenever the specified annotation is used those elements should be documented using the Javadoc tool. (By default, annotations are not included in Javadoc.)
@Target annotation marks another annotation to restrict what kind of Java elements the annotation can be applied to.
@Inherited annotation indicates that the annotation type can be inherited from the super class. (This is not true by default.) When the user queries the annotation type and the class has no annotation for this type, the class' superclass is queried for the annotation type. This annotation applies only to class declarations.
@Repeatable annotation, introduced in Java SE 8, indicates that the marked annotation can be applied more than once to the same declaration or type use. For more information, see Repeating Annotations.
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Ans. Storing the state of an object in a file or other medium is called serialization.
Classes can communicate only if they are built together ( as they need Byte code for communication ). What if we need to enable communication between different applications ( i.e they have been built independently or even they reside at different locations ), We need a mechanism that will transfer the Bean state to a Medium than can be transferred to the receiving application.
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Ans. Only declaring variables as final makes them immutable. Making objects final means that the object handler cannot be used to target some other object but the object is still mutable.
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Ans. Though It's often confused with each other, Object Creation ( Instantiation ) and Initialization ( Construction ) are different things in Java. Construction follows object creation.
Object Creation is the process to create the object in memory and returning its handler. Java provides New keyword for object creation.
Initialization is the process of setting the initial / default values to the members. Constructor is used for this purpose. If we don't provide any constructor, Java provides one default implementation to set the default values according to the member data types.
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Static methods belong to the class and not the objects. They belong to the class and hence doesn't fit properly for the polymorphic behavior.
A static method is not associated with any instance of a class so the concept of overriding for runtime polymorphism using static methods is not applicable.
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Ans. Yes.we cannot access them directly but we can access them using object reference.Static methods belong to a class and not objects whereas non static members are tied to an instance. Accessing instance variables without the instance handler would mean an ambiguity regarding which instance the method is referring to and hence its prohibited.
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Ans. An interface without any method declaration is called as marker interface. there are 3 in-built interfaces in JVM i.e. serializable, clonable, remote
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