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  Q2101. Explain static blocks in Java ?Core Java
Ans. A static initialization block is a normal block of code enclosed in braces, { }, and preceded by the static keyword. Here is an example:

static {
// whatever code is needed for initialization goes here
}

A class can have any number of static initialization blocks, and they can appear anywhere in the class body. The runtime system guarantees that static initialization blocks are called in the order that they appear in the source code.

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 Q2102. Which access specifier can be used with Class ?Core Java
Ans. For top level class we can only use "public" and "default". We can use private with inner class.

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 Q2103. What is meant by an "asynchronous event." Give some examples ?Operating System
Ans. An asynchronous event is one that occurs at an unpredictable time outside the control of the program that the CPU is running. It is not "synchronized" with the program.

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 Q2104. Explain use of nested or inner classes ?Core Java
Ans. Sometime we just need classes or class objects just to be used as part of a particular class or objects. Making them non nested won't make any difference as far as functionality is concerner but making them Nested provide a level of convenience and protection fro, being used anywhere else. Moreover it helps reducing the Code.

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 Q2105. Explain Annotations ?
Ans. Annotations, a form of metadata, provide data about a program that is not part of the program itself. Annotations have no direct effect on the operation of the code they annotate. Annotations have a number of uses, among them:
• Information for the compiler — Annotations can be used by the compiler to detect errors or suppress warnings.
• Compile-time and deployment-time processing — Software tools can process annotation information to generate code, XML files, and so forth.
• Runtime processing — Some annotations are available to be examined at runtime.

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 Q2106. How to display and set the Class path in Unix ?
Ans. To display the current CLASSPATH variable, use these commands in UNIX (Bourne shell):

% echo $CLASSPATH

To delete the current contents of the CLASSPATH variable,

In UNIX: % unset CLASSPATH; export CLASSPATH

To set the CLASSPATH variable,

In UNIX: % CLASSPATH=/home/george/java/classes; export CLASSPATH

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 Q2107. Difference between Abstract and Concrete Class ?Core Java
Ans. Abstract classes are only meant to be sub classed and not meant to be instantiated whereas concrete classes are meant to be instantiated.

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Very Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced. Favorite question in Walk in drives. Frequently asked in Indian Services companies.
  Q2108. Difference between Overloading and Overriding ?Core Java
Ans. Overloading - Similar Signature but different definition , like function overloading.

Overriding - Overriding the Definition of base class in the derived class.

  Sample Code for overloading

  Sample Code for overriding

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  Q2109. Difference between Vector and ArrayList ?Core Java
Ans. Vectors are synchronized whereas Array lists are not.

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 Q2110. Different ways of implementing Threads in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Threads in Java can be implement either by Extending Thread class or implementing runnable interface.

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Frequently asked question for intermediate developers. Frequently asked in HCL Technologies and EPAM.
  Q2111. What is Volatile keyword used for ?Core Java
Ans. Volatile is a declaration that a variable can be accessed by multiple threads and hence shouldnt be cached.

  Sample Code for volatile

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Frequently asked in Cognizant (CTS)
  Q2112. What is Serialization ? Why do we need it ?Core Java
Ans. Storing the state of an object in a file or other medium is called serialization.

Classes can communicate only if they are built together ( as they need Byte code for communication ). What if we need to enable communication between different applications ( i.e they have been built independently or even they reside at different locations ), We need a mechanism that will transfer the Bean state to a Medium than can be transferred to the receiving application.

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  Q2113. What is the use of Transient Keyword ?Core Java
Ans. It in Java is used to indicate that a field should not be serialized.

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 Q2114. What is a Final Method ?Core Java
Ans. A Method that cannot be overriden in the sub class.

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Very Frequently asked.Favorite question in Walk in drive for many Indian service companies.
 Q2115. What is a Final Class ?
Ans. A Class that cannot be sub classed.

  Sample Code for final class

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked with questions related to String. Frequently asked at CTS / Cognizant
  Q2116. What is an Immutable Object ?Core Java
Ans. Object that can't be changed after instantiation.

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Very Frequently asked. Usually asked along with String Class related questions.
  Q2117. What is an immutable class ?Core Java
Ans. Class using which only immutable (objects that cannot be changed after initialization) objects can be created.

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 Q2118. How to implement an immutable class ?Core Java
Ans. We can make a class immutable by

1. Making all methods and variables as private.

2. Setting variables within constructor.

Public Class ImmutableClass{

private int member;
ImmutableClass(int var){
member=var;
}
}

and then we can initialize the object of the class as

ImmutableClass immutableObject = new ImmutableClass(5);

Now all members being private , you cant change the state of the object.

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 Q2119. Does Declaring an object "final" makes it immutable ?Core Java
Ans. Only declaring variables as final makes them immutable. Making objects final means that the object handler cannot be used to target some other object but the object is still mutable.

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 Q2120. Difference between object instantiation and construction ?Core Java
Ans. Though It's often confused with each other, Object Creation ( Instantiation ) and Initialization ( Construction ) are different things in Java. Construction follows object creation.

Object Creation is the process to create the object in memory and returning its handler. Java provides New keyword for object creation.

Initialization is the process of setting the initial / default values to the members. Constructor is used for this purpose. If we don't provide any constructor, Java provides one default implementation to set the default values according to the member data types.

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 Q2121. Can we override static methods ? Why ?Core Java
Ans. No.

Static methods belong to the class and not the objects. They belong to the class and hence doesn't fit properly for the polymorphic behavior.

A static method is not associated with any instance of a class so the concept of overriding for runtime polymorphism using static methods is not applicable.

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 Q2122. Can we access instance variables within static methods ?Core Java
Ans. Yes.we cannot access them directly but we can access them using object reference.Static methods belong to a class and not objects whereas non static members are tied to an instance. Accessing instance variables without the instance handler would mean an ambiguity regarding which instance the method is referring to and hence its prohibited.

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 Q2123. Can we reduce the visibility of the inherited or overridden method ?Core Java
Ans. No.

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 Q2124. Give an Example of checked and unchecked exception ?Core Java
Ans. ClassNotFoundException is checked exception whereas NoClassDefFoundError is a unchecked exception.

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 Q2125. Name few Java Exceptions ?Core Java
Ans. IndexOutofBoundException ,
NoClassDefFoundException ,
OutOfMemoryException ,
IllegalArgumentException,
NullPointerException,
IllegalStateException

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.
 Q2126. Which of the following is tightly bound ? Inheritance or Composition ?Core Java
Ans. Inheritance.

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 Q2127. How can we make sure that a code segment gets executed even in case of uncatched exceptions ?
Ans. By putting it within finally.

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 Q2128. Explain the use of "Native" keyword ?Core Java
Ans. Used in method declarations to specify that the method is not implemented in the same Java source file, but rather in another language

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 Q2129. What is "super" used for ?
Ans. Used to access members of the base class.

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 Q2130. What is "this" keyword used for ?
Ans. Used to represent an instance of the class in which it appears.

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