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Ans. Everytime an object is serialized the java serialization mechanism automatically computes a hash value by passing the meta information for the class. This id is used during deserialization to verify that the sender and receiver of a serialized object have loaded classes for that object that are compatible with respect to serialization
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1.Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during an execution of a Java application, the hashCode method must consistently return the same integer,
2.If two objects are equal according to the equals(Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce the same integer result.
3.It is not required that if two objects are unequal according to the equals(java.lang.Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results.
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Ans. Java provides a default constructor ( no argument ) if no constructor is provided by the programmer. Java makes a check during pre compilation if there is any constructor provided by the programmer. If any constructor is provided, Java understands that programmer has provided all the mechanism for initialization and construction of the object and may not even intend to create objects by calling a no argument constructor. For example - One may like to have objects created with self defined state otherwise restrict its creation.
We make the constructor private if we want to make a class singleton as we would like to restrict creation of new objects using new operator and default constructor. Similar could be the situation wherein we would like to construct objects in a particular manner only.
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Ans. Yes , a gc method to explicitly call garbage collection immediately on the object. It will provide better flexibility over application that require optimal usage of memory.
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Q68. What are the advantage of Abstract classes over interfaces with respect to Java 7 ? and What changed in Java 8 to help facilitate that in Java 8 ?
Ans. Abstract Classes provide default implementations of methods that are inherited by the classes that extend them, which was not the case for Interfaces. This changed in Java 8, where default implementations are provided for methods.
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Q73. Write a method that takes a string as input and identifies if any permutation of the String is Palindrome ? For example - ttoobb has a permutation 'bottob' which is a palindrome.