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Q1531. What are inline functions ? Do we have inline functions in Java ?

Ans. Inline functions , just like C++ Macros is an optimized technique used by compiler to reduce the execution time. If the function is working on pre identified values ( which aren't resolved at runtime ), the function can execute the method and evaluate the outcome at compile time only instead of making a function call at runtime.

In Java, the optimizations are usually done at the runtime or JVM level. At runtime, the JVM perform some analysis to determine which methods to inline. Java compiler would never inline any method and there is no way in java for the developer to explicitly define inlining of methods as it's take intrinsically care of during runtime only.

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Q1532. What is the use of this keyword in javascript ?

Ans. This keyword refers to the current instance of the class.

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Q1533. Have you ever worked on continuations in Java ?

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Q1534. Can constructors be final ?

Ans. No. They are never inherited and therefore are not subject to hiding or overriding.

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Q1535. Can a constructor be declared static ? Why ?

Ans. No.

When we declare a method static, it means that "this belongs to class as whole and not particular instance". The whole purpose of constructor is to initialize a object and hence there is no sense having static constructor.

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Q1536. Write a method that would solve two problems at the same time ?

Ans. We can return value for one problem solving or computation and set the value for other in some member element.

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Q1537. why is "".equals(str); safer than str.equals("")?

Ans. str.equals("") this statement will throw NullPointerException if str is null where as "".equals(str) works fine even if str is null

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Q1538. Can we have a final argument in a method ? What is the use of that if we do so ?

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Q1539. How to write an iterator for an iterator of iterators?

Ans. CustomArrayList myarrayList = new CustomArrayList();
      myarrayList.add("Value 1");
      myarrayList.add("Value 2");
      myarrayList.add("Value 3");

      for (String string : myarrayList) {
         System.out.println(string);
      }

package sample.utils;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomArrayList implements Iterable {

   private ArrayList mylist = new ArrayList();

   public void add(T t) {
      this.mylist.add(t);
   }

   @Override
   public Iterator iterator() {
      return new CustomIterator(mylist);
   }

   class CustomIterator implements Iterator {

      private int indexPosition = 0;
      private List internalList;

      public CustomIterator(List internalList) {
         this.internalList = internalList;
      }

      @Override
      public boolean hasNext() {
         if (internalList.size() >= indexPosition 1) {
            return true;
         }
         return false;
      }

      @Override
      public E next() {
         E val = internalList.get(indexPosition);
         indexPosition ;
         return val;
      }

   }

}

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Q1540. How many heaps will be there with 3 threads ?

Ans. All threads share a common heap.

Each thread has a private stack, which it can quickly add and remove items from. This makes stack based memory fast, but if you use too much stack memory, as occurs in infinite recursion, you will get a stack overflow.

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Q1541. What does 'variable hoisting' mean?

Ans.

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Q1542. Explain CloneNotSupportedException ?

Ans. If we do not mention, Cloneable Interface to the Class which we want to Clone then we get this exception, only if we try to clone an object

Like:
public class TestClone{
@Override
   protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
      return super.clone();
   }
}

In Main, You try to do:
TestClone clone = new TestClone();

      TestClone clone2 = (TestClone) clone.clone();

You will get CloneNotSupportedException.

Just add -> public class TestClone implements Cloneable {

and things are fixed.

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Q1543. Does abstract class have public constructor?

Ans. Yes, an abstract class can have a constructor in Java.

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Q1544. Is HashMap Synchronized ?

Ans. No HashMap isn't synchronized. ConcurrentHashMap and Hashtable are synchronized.

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Q1545. Is ConcurrentHashMap synchronized ?

Ans. Yes, ConcurrentHashMap is synchronized.

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Q1546. Difference between equals and compareTo in Java ?

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality. x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal.

The compareTo() method is used for comparing two objects in Java. It is usually defined for the classes whose objects needs to be ordered through Comparable interface or need to be part of an ordered collection like TreeSet or TreeMap.

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Q1547. Difference between equals and hashcode in java ?

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality. x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal with the equality defined by the definition of equals method.

Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc. The value received from hashcode() is used as bucket number for storing elements. This bucket number is the address of the element inside the set/map. when you do contains() then it will take the hashcode of the element, then look for the bucket where hashcode points to and if more than 1 element is found in the same bucket (multiple objects can have the same hashcode) then it uses the equals() method to evaluate if object are equal, and then decide if contain() is true or false, or decide if element could be added in the set or not.

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Q1548. Difference between equals and equalsignorecase in Java ?

Ans. "equals" method is the method of object class that needs to be overridden to check object equality. This is not specific to any class like String.

equalsignorecase is the method of String class that provides a definition that ignores the case of characters during comparison.

The only difference between them in String class is that the equals() methods considers the case while equalsIgnoreCase() methods ignores the case during comparison.

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Q1549. Why is String a class in Java ?

Ans. 1. Creating a class helps in specifying operations on the Strings like length , sub string , concatenation etc.

2. It acts as a Wrapper class for "Array of Characters" and hence facilitates it's usage in collections, assignment to null.

3. Immutability of String objects facilitates in reuse , security and caching.

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Q1550. Difference between composition and aggregation in java ?

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Q1551. Does garbage collection affects performance of the application ?

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Q1552. Does garbage collection happens in String pool ?

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Q1553. Does garbage collection call dispose ?

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Q1554. What is the difference between final and static in java ?

Ans. final keyword is used to restrict the user from modifying the variable, extending the class and overriding a method

static keyword is used for memory management which can be used for variable, class, method where in it belongs to the class not to the instance of object

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Q1555. How can we run a java program through command line ?

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Q1556. Difference between ArrayList and Vector ?

Ans. Vector is Synchronized one where as Arraylist is not Synchronized.

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Q1557. difference between ArrayList and array ?

Ans. ArrayList is a variable length collection class whereas arrays are fixed length primitive structure.

We can use generics with arraylist but not with arrays.

We can store primitive data types within arrays but can't with ArrayList. In ArrayList that needs to be converted to Wrapper objects.

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Q1558. Difference between ArrayList and HashSet ?

Ans. ArrayList is a list , i.e an implementation of List interface whereas HashSet is a Set and an implementation of Set interface.

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Q1559. Difference between TreeMap and SortedMap ?

Ans. sortedMap is an interface ,while TreeMap is an implementation of sortMap.

We can not create an instance of sortedMap but we can create an instance of treeMap

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Q1560. Difference between HashMap and Dictionary in Java ?

Ans. HashMap implements the Map interface while the Dictionary does not.

HashMap was introduced after HashTable and Dictionary.

Dictionary is currently obsolete in java.

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