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Q3121. What is a transitive dependency ? Can we override Transitive Dependency version and If Yes, how ?

Ans. Transitive dependency is the dependencies not defined directly in the current POM but the POM of the dependent projects.

Yes we can override transitive dependency version by specifying the dependency in the current POM.

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Q3122. What are the benefits of transitive depency in Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Transitive dependencies allows to avoid specifying the libraries that are required by the project which are specified in other dependent projects - Remote or Local.

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Usually asked to experienced developers.

Q3123. What is a cyclic dependency ?

Maven

Ans. A has dependency of B, B has dependency of C and C has dependency of A

With Maven 2 , came transitive dependency wherein in above scenario, C will acts as a dependency of A as if this dependency has been defined directly in A but the negative side is that if it leads to cyclic dependency , it creates problems.

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Q3124. Why every object constructor automatically call super() in Object before its own constructors?

Core Java

Ans. Derived object carries the body of its class as well as the body of the parent class. Its body ( member elements ) is initialized using its own class constructor whereas the body ( member elements ) carried from the parent class are initialized using super class constructor. So In order to initialize the elements of the parent class before its own elements are even initialized, super is called.

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Q3125. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q3126. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q3127. How is Abstraction implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction is provided in Java by following ways -

Coding to the ( Interfaces / Abstract Classes ) or contracts

By Encapsulating details within classes and exposing the minimal Door ( few public methods )

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Q3128. Give an Example for Builder Pattern ?

Core Java

Ans. String str = new StringBuilder().append("Buggy").append("Bread").toString();

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Q3129. What are some different logging levels for log4j ?

Log4j

Ans. DEBUG
ERROR
ALL
WARN
INFO
FATAL
OFF
TRACE
TRACE_INT
WARN

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Q3130. Is this Polymorphism ?

Map<String, List<String>> inventoryManagerCountMap = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>>();

Core Java

Ans. No. This will result in compilation error as Polymorphism cannot be performed on Object types.

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Q3131. How to know the structure of a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. DESC

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Q3132. How to know the constraints on a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. SELECT *
FROM user_constraints
WHERE table_name = ''

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Q3133. How to know the default column value of a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. Select DATA_DEFAULT
from DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
where TABLE_NAME = '' and COLUMN_NAME='';

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Rarely asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q3134. Difference between DoubleSummaryStatistics , IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics ?

Core Java

Ans. They all does the same task i.e to compute statistical information on the stream of data. They differ by the way they store the statistical information as they expect a different data type of the values being used.

IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics expect non floating point values and hence stores the statistical information like min,max and sum as non floating values ( int or long ) whereas DoubleSummaryStatistics stores these information as floating value.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q3135. What is StringJoiner ?

Core Java

Ans. StringJoiner is a util method to construct a string with desired delimiter. This has been introduced with wef from Java 8.

Sample Code

StringJoiner strJoiner = new StringJoiner(".");

strJoiner.add("Buggy").add("Bread");

System.out.println(strJoiner); // prints Buggy.Bread

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q3136. What is the use of Optional ?

Core Java

Ans. Optional is a good way to protect application from runtime nullPointerException in case the the absent value has been represented as null. So basically Optional class provides the type checking during compile time and hence will never result in NPE.

For ex -

List> intList = new ArrayList>();
intList.add(Optional.empty());
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("abc")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("xyz")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("123")));
System.out.println(intList.get(0).getName());

So Now , even when the first list element is empty, this code will never throw an NullPointerException.

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Q3137. Have you ever used StringTokenizer ?

Core Java

Ans. No, Alternatively I have used String.split("\\s") for achieving the same function.

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Q3138. What is ConcurrentLinkedDeque ?

Core Java

Ans. It's a Collections concrete class that provides implementation of a Double Ended queue that allows concurrent insertion, removal, and access operations that can be executed safely across multiple threads.

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Q3139. What is CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Ans. Its a type of ArrayList in which all Write operations , i.e add and set are performed by creating a new copy. This array never changes during the lifetime of the iterator, so it never throws ConcurrentModificationException

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Q3140. What are the advantages and disadvantages of CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. This collections class has been implemented in such a manner that it can never throw ConcurrentModificationException. As it performs update and write operations by creating a new copy of ArrayList, It's slower compared to ArrayList.

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Q3141. Name few Concurrent Collection Classes ?

Ans. ConcurrentHashMap
ConcurrentLinkedDeque
ConcurrentLinkedQueue
ConcurrentMap
ConcurrentNavigableMap
ConcurrentSkipListMap
ConcurrentSkipListSet

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Q3142. Name few Collections Map implementations ?

Ans. AbstractMap
ConcurrentHashMap
ConcurrentSkipListMap
EnumMap
HashMap
IdentityHashMap
LinkedHashMap
SystemFlavorMap
TreeMap
WeakHashMap

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Q3143. What is ConcurrentModificationException ?

Core Java

Ans. This is the exception that is thrown when we try to modify the non concurrent collection class while iterating through it.

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Q3144. What is ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException ?

Core Java

Ans. Exception thrown by the application is we try to access an element using an index which is not within the range of array i.e lower than 0 or greater than the size of the array.

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Q3145. how can we generate JavaDoc documentation for our code ?

Eclipse

Ans. In Eclipse, Go to File -> Export -> Java -> JavaDoc

Select the projects , other properties and output directory for which JavaDoc and Click Finish.

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Q3146. Can we generate Java Documentation using Export -> JavaDoc using a jar file ?

Eclipse

Ans. Yes, If the jar contains the source code. No, If it contains only classes.

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Q3147. What is Criteria in Hibernate ?

Hibernate

Ans. Criteria is a simplified API for retrieving entities by composing Criterion objects.

For example - session.createCriteria(Employee.class).add( Restrictions.like("name", "A%") ).list();

will return all employee objects having name starting with A.

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Q3148. How do we specify the criteria if it involves mapping between two entities or join between tables ?

Hibernate

Ans. The following code returns the list of Employee objects having employee name starting with A and Dept Name ( Department , Employee Mapped ).

session.createCriteria(Employee.class,"emp")
.createAlias("emp.department", "dept",Criteria.INNER_JOIN)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "A%") )
.add(Restrictions.eq("dept.name","Finance")
.list();

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Q3149. Name few Restriction Methods ?

Hibernate

Ans. eq, ge, gt , between, in , isNull, isEmpty, isNotnull, ne , like, lt , or , not

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Q3150. In Hibernate, While defining Criteria, Have you ever faced any problem while adding restrictions with user defined types or Enums ?

Hibernate

Ans. Yes, with Enum as was getting an exception while doing equality check for enum field.

got it fixed by adding @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) to the field in entity.

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