Interview Questions and Answers for 'A' | Search Interview Question

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Q1651. Can we use java keywords as identifiers ?

Core Java

Ans. No, keyword has pre defined meaning for compiler and hence cannot be used as identifiers.

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Q1652. What is the importance of Abstract Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as code reuse through inheritance ( extending abstract class )

Comparing to concrete class they have an advantage of providing interface which a concrete class doesn't provide.

Comparing to interfaces they have an advantage of providing code reuse through inheritance which interfaces dont provide.

Sample Code for abstract class

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Q1653. Can we use true and false as identifiers in java ? Are they keywords in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. true and false are literals in java. No we cannot use them as identifiers.

Sample Code for literal

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Q1654. What are the some literals in java that are reserved and hence cannot be used as identifiers ?

Core Java

Ans. true , false and null

Sample Code for literals

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Q1655. What is Executor Framework in Java?

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Q1656. What is the use of java.util.concurrent package in Java ?

Core Java

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Q1657. How is garbage collection in Java 8 different from Java 7 ?

Core Java

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Q1658. How can you extract integers from string values and add (sum it up) all the extracted integers? e.g "James34long4island322in3rdAvenue" ---> 34 4 322 3 = 363

Core Java

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Q1659. Which of the two - compile time and run time polymorphism - requires signature of the method to be different ?

Core Java

Ans. runtime polymorphism or method overriding doesn't require method name and signature to be different whereas compile time polymorphism or method overloading requires method name to be same but the signature to be different.

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Q1660. Write a class and override the equals and hashcode method ?

Core Java

Ans. class Student
{
///
///
///
private int id;
private String name;

///
///
///
public Student(int id, String name)
{
this.name = name;
this.id = id;

}// Student

///
///
///
public int getId()
{
return id;

}// getId

///
///
///
public void setId(int id)
{
this.id = id;

}// setId

///
///
///
public String getName()
{
return name;

}// getName

///
///
///
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;

}// setName

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj)
{
if (obj == null) return false;
if (!(obj instanceof Student))
return false;
if (obj == this)
return true;

return this.getId() == ((Student) obj).getId();

}// equals

///
///
///
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return this.getId();

}// hashCode

}// Student

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Q1661. Whats is the difference between Spring MVC and Spring Restful webservice ?

Spring

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Q1662. which one do you prefer - JDBC or Hibernate ?

Database

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Q1663. Which component of MVC you like to work on ?

Java EE

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Q1664. Which type of projects have you worked on ?

General

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Q1665. Which tools have you used in your previous projects ?

General

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Q1666. What are your short and long terms goals ?

General

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Q1667. Write a Program to convert a binary to number ?

Core Java

Ans. int convert(int binaryInt) {
int sumValue=0;
int multiple = 1;
while(binaryInt > 0) {
binaryDigit = binaryInt;
binaryInt = binaryInt /10;
sumValue = sumValue (binaryDigit * multiple);
multiple = multiple * 2;
}

return sumValue;
}

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Q1668. What are protocol buffers ?

Markup Language

Ans. Protocol buffers are language-neutral, platform-neutral, mechanism for serializing structured data. It is developed by google.

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Q1669. Can we discover end points of Rest API without looking at the code ?

Rest

Ans. Generally Rest services don't have any registry like we have WSDL is SOAP and hence don't have a way to know the end points without looking at either the url mapping in controller or client code. Some restful service publish WADL (Web Application Description Language) and hence clients can locate the service end points.

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Q1670. Can we deploy an application to server using a jar file ?

Java EE

Ans. Conventionally we need a WAR file to be deployed to server. Though with Spring Boot we can even deploy using jar.

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Q1671. What is the use of Annotations in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Annotations are used to specify meta information about the code.

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Q1672. Are Annotations better than using XML configs ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes , as both code and its meta information reside in the same file, it promotes better readability and maintenability.

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Q1673. Why is goto not used in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Goto statement results in unstructured jumps in control from one code location to another and hence makes the code very difficult
to read , maintain and debug. Moreover Goto can always be replaced using other statements like break / continue and hence results in structured movement of programming control.

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Q1674. What is "convention over configuration" ? Which framework uses this design paradigm ?

Design

Ans. Convention over configuration is a way of software design used by frameworks that attempt to decrease the number of decisions that a developer is required to make without necessarily losing flexibility. The objective is to reduce the unnecessary configurations and follow conventions to accomplish that. For example - DB Entity and DB Table name conventionally should be same and hence shouldn't require configuring mapping between the two.

"Spring Boot" and "Ruby on Rails" have adopted this design principle.

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Q1675. Are there any disadvantages of "Convention over configuration" Design paradigm ?

Design

Ans. Yes, It may result in some loss of flexibility as the application has to follow all conventions. Moreover it can contradict with other design paradigms or principles used in the application or framework.

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Q1676. Can you give an example of "Convention over configuration" Design principle ?

Design

Ans. Hibernate mapping configurations are used for mapping hibernate entities and corresponding DB Tables. Conventionally Entities and Table can share the same name and hence framework can provide implicit mapping instead of explicit mapping through configurations. Though it may result in little loss of flexibility in extreme cases but will work with all applications following the convention.

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Q1677. Explain Interceptor Design Pattern ?

Design

Ans. It is used for intercepting the request. It's primary use is to implement security policy. All or specific request types can be intercepted and hence forwarded to authentication / authorization module so as to facilitate authorized requests to application.

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Q1678. What are the changes in Java 9 ?

Core Java

Ans. JVM and JDK are getting smaller.

New command line tool called jshell that will add native support and popularize a Java way to REPL (Read-Eval-Print-Loop)

private methods in interfaces

Introduction of the module system or project Jigsaw

JavaDoc Search

Light version of JSON API

HTTP2 client

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Q1679. What are the disadvantages of Adapter Design Pattern ?

Design

Ans. It introduces a layer of adaptations before it reaches the final and desired interface.

Moreover sometimes all requests are forwarded to adapter class. Some of such requests doesn't even require any sort of adaptions as they are qualified to call the final interface directly and introducing overheads.

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Q1680. What could be the real world example of Adapter Design Pattern ?

Design

Ans. Voltage converters / Power Adapters

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