Interview Questions and Answers for 'General' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers for 'General' - 134 question(s) found - Order By Newest

Q1. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Asked multiple times in Capgemini.

Q2. Why Char array is preferred over String for storing password?

Core Java

Ans. String is immutable in java and stored in String pool. Once it's created it stays in the pool until unless garbage collected, so even though we are done with password it's available in memory for longer duration and there is no way to avoid it. It's a security risk because anyone having access to memory dump can find the password as clear text.

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.

Q3. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?

Core Java

Ans. Underlying data structure for ArrayList is Array whereas LinkedList is the linked list and hence have following differences -

1. ArrayList needs continuous memory locations and hence need to be moved to a bigger space if new elements are to be added to a filled array which is not required for LinkedList.

2. Removal and Insertion at specific place in ArrayList requires moving all elements and hence leads to O(n) insertions and removal whereas its constant O(1) for LinkedList.

3. Random access using index in ArrayList is faster than LinkedList which requires traversing the complete list through references.

4. Though Linear Search takes Similar Time for both, Binary Search using LinkedList requires creating new Model called Binary Search Tree which is slower but offers constant time insertion and deletion.

5. For a set of integers you want to sort using quicksort, it's probably faster to use an array; for a set of large structures you want to sort using selection sort, a linked list will be faster.

Sample Code for ArrayList

Sample Code for LinkedList

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Basic and Very Frequently asked.

Q4. What is Polymorphism in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Polymorphism means the condition of occurring in several different forms.

Polymorphism in Java is achieved in two manners

1. Static polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at compile time and is achieved through function overloading whereas

2. Dynamic polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at runtime and is achieved through method overriding.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Frequently asked.

Q5. If you are given a choice to use either ArrayList and LinkedList, Which one would you use and Why ?

Core Java

Ans. ArrayList are implemented in memory as arrays and hence allows fast retrieval through indices but are costly if new elements are to be inserted in between other elements. LinkedList allows for constant-time insertions or removals using iterators, but only sequential access of elements

1. Retrieval - If Elements are to be retrieved sequentially only, Linked List is preferred.

2. Insertion - If new Elements are to be inserted in between other elements , Linked List is preferred.

3. Search - Binary Search and other optimized way of searching is not possible on Linked List.

4. Sorting - Initial sorting could be pain but lateral addition of elements in a sorted list is good with linked list.

5. Adding Elements - If sufficiently large elements needs to be added very frequently ,Linked List is preferable as elements don't need consecutive memory location.

Sample Code for ArrayList

Sample Code for LinkedList

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Almost sure to be asked in every company using any Dependency Injection framework ( Spring, Guice etc )

Q6. What is Dependency Injection or IOC ( Inversion of Control ) ?

Design

Ans. It is a Design Pattern that facilitates loose coupling by sending the dependency information ( object references of dependent object ) while building the state of the object. Objects are designed in a manner where they receive instances of the objects from other pieces of code, instead of constructing them internally and hence provide better flexibility.

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Q7. What is a ConcurrentHashMap ?

Core Java

Ans. ConcurrentHashMap is a hashMap that allows concurrent modifications from multiple threads as there can be multiple locks on the same hashmap.

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Frequently asked. Among first few questions in the J2EE segment of interview.

Q8. What is deployment descriptor ?

or

What is the use of deployment descriptor ?

Java EE

Ans. Deployment Descriptor which is usually web.xml is used to specify the classes, resources and configuration of the application and how the web server uses them to serve web requests.This file is usually added to WEB-INF folder and contains following

* Servlet entries and url mapping
* Plugins
* Some info regarding authentication / filters
* Landing Page
* Event Handlers

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Frequently asked Generic Question.

Q9. Why do you want to work for our company ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

Usually answered stating your keen interest in the role offered and challenges and opportunities the role offers.

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Q10. What is Generalization and Specialization in terms of casting ?

Core Java

Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q11. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q12. Which java frameworks have you used ?

General

Ans. I have primarily worked on Web applications and hence worked on Struts , Spring , Hibernate, JSF ( Java Server Faces ) , Velocity etc.

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Very Frequently asked to Senior Software Engineers or Developers.

Q13. Describe some of the Design Patterns you have used ?

Design

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q14. Which type of memory is cleaned / recovered by garbage collection - stack or heap ?

Core Java

Ans. Heap memory.

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Q15. What is abstraction ?

Design

Ans. Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and describing only the functionality to the user.

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Q16. What development process / methodology are you using ? Are you using agile ?

General

^{This question was recently asked at 'Spillman Technologies'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Very Frequently asked Spring question.

Q17. What is bean auto wiring?

Spring

Ans. The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between collaborating beans. This means that it is possible to automatically let Spring resolve collaborators (other beans) for your bean by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory without using and elements.

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Frequently asked in Phone Interviews.

Q18. What the Bean scopes provided by Spring ?

Spring

Ans. Singleton , Prototype , Request , Session , global-session

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Frequently asked in Phone Interviews.

Q19. What are the various Auto Wiring types in Spring ?

Ans. By Name , By Type and Constructor.

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Q20. When should we use prototype scope and singleton scope for beans ?

Spring

Ans. We should use singleton scope for beans when they are stateless and prototype when they are stateful.

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Q21. Which Software Development methodology is being used in your current Job ?

General

Ans. We are using Agile methodology. I attend daily stand up where the development leads takes the status of assigned stories, achievements, any bottlenecks or challenges. We follow iteration of 2 weeks.

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Q22. What is your role in current position ?

General

Ans. I am working as a Software System Analyst that specializes in understanding Business Requirements, Analyzing them , Performs Cost / Benefit analysis, Make suggestions to business , translate the business requirements into technical requirements, Discuss their feasibility with the technical team, performs sizing in coordination with developers and prepare high level design document.

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Q23. Have you ever had any conflict with the team member (like disagreement on some design decision ) and How you reacted to it ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

This is a very sensitive question and should be dealt with caution. Just simply saying that you never had any disagreement will present you as dumb team member. Showing your self as too aggressive in such decisions will present you as a trouble maker. You should present a situation where you had an argument / disagreement but eventually you and your team mates mutually found a way out of it.

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Q24. Explain the challenging problems you faced recently and how you overcame it ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Frequently asked in face to face interviews.

Q25. Write a program to print fibonacci series.

Core Java

Ans. int count = 15;
int[] fibonacci = new int[count];
fibonacci[0] = 0;
fibonacci[1] = 1;
for(int x=2; x < count; x++){
fibonacci[x] = fibonacci[x-1] + fibonacci[x-2];
}

for(int x=0; x< count; x++){
System.out.print(fibonacci[x] + " ");
}

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Q26. Write a program for Coin Changer application ?

Ans. http://javasearch.buggybread.com/CodeSnippets/searchCodeSamples.php?&category=code&searchOption&keyword=979

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Q27. Explain what happens when insertion is performed in case of ArrayList and LinkedList.

Data Structure

Ans. Array List works on Array and when we add an element in middle of the list, Array List need to update the index of all subsequent elements. I the capacity is full, it even may need to move the whole list to a new memory location . Linked List works on Double linked list algorithm and all it has to do is to adjust the address of the previous and next elements.

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Q28. What is a Test Dependency Scope in Maven ?

Maven

Ans. This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for normal use of the application, and is only available for the test compilation and execution phases. This scope is not transitive.

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Q29. Difference between Array and ArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. <a href="http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html" rel="nofollow">http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html</a>

Sample Code for ArrayList

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Frequently asked in Accenture.

Q30. What is your biggest achievement at work ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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