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Q161. Which of the following is not true for final variables ?

a. They cannot be changed after initialization
b. They can be initialized within static method
c. They can be declared and initialized together at the same place
d. They can be initialized within constructor

Ans. They can be initialized within static method

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Q162. What is an instance variable?

a. An instance or object of an class
b. The field of an object
c. Any variable of a class
d. None of the above

Ans. The field of an object

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Q163. What are the advantages of using distributed database management system ?

Database

Ans. Reliability and Continuity if some of the sites goes down.Easy Scaling up and Down as sites can be added or removed without impacting business continuity.

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Frequently asked in face to face interviews.

Q164. Write a program to print fibonacci series.

Core Java

Ans. int count = 15;
int[] fibonacci = new int[count];
fibonacci[0] = 0;
fibonacci[1] = 1;
for(int x=2; x < count; x++){
fibonacci[x] = fibonacci[x-1] + fibonacci[x-2];
}

for(int x=0; x< count; x++){
System.out.print(fibonacci[x] + " ");
}

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Q165. When do we generally get this database error - integrity constraint violated - parent key not found ?

Ans. This error most likely will be thrown during an insert statement, while inserting a value within a foreign key column which doesnt exist within the Parent column. For example - Trying to add a dept number reference within a Employee Table when the Dept doesnt exist in the Dept Table.

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Q166. What is a Java Bean ? How is it different from other Java classes ?

Ans. A Java bean is a class which abides by following conventions:

Core of the object is member elements and not operations ( methods )

Member Elements can be accessed by getters (and setters if those properties are not read-only).

serializable.

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Q167. What is ADT or Abtstract Data Type ?

Core Java

Ans. ADT is a container which holds different types of objects with specifications.

For example - Stack, Array, Liked list, Tree

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Q168. Why can't we declare a class abstract as well as final ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract means that the class is only meant to be subclassed whereas final means that it cannot be subclassed so both concepts - abstract and final are actually mutually exclusive and hence not permitted together.

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Q169. In the following code , how many methods needs to be implemented in Class B ?

public interface A{
   public void method1();
   public void method2();
   public void method3();
}

abstract class B implements A{
}

Core Java

Ans. As Class B has been declared abstract , we can either implement any of these methods and just declare rest of them abstract.

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Q170. What is unmodifiable set / unmodifiable map ? How can we create one ?

Ans. It is an unmodifiable / read only view of the underlying collection. We can use

Collections.unmodifiableSet(Set set)
Collections.unmodifiableMap(Map map)
Collections.unmodifiableCollection(Collection collection)

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Q171. What should a class do if its extending an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. It should either implement the abstract methods or re-declare them abstract.

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Q172. What are different types of variables in Java ?

Ans. 1. Function Local Variables
2. Instance Variables
3. Class variables or static variables

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Q173. Does compiler treats it differently if we don't prefix this to the member element and its implicit as its the only variable available with that name ?

Ans. It makes no difference whether we add this to the variable or not. The only use of this is in the cases where there are multiple variables with the same name and we want to distinguish between the member variable and local variable. In case this is not added ,this is automatically added by the compiler in the byte code.

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Frequently asked to Fresh graduates.

Q174. Write a program to implement Binary search ?

Core Java

Ans. http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/11model/BinarySearch.java.html

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Q175. What is a Database Procedure ?

Database

Ans. Stored procedures are a batch of SQL statements along with programming constructs ( if else, loops etc ) and stored as a single program that can be called by different clients and hence reused.

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Q176. What is a Database sequence ?

Database

Ans. Its a feature wherein database creates unique values incremental values to be stored as primary key for the table.

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Q177. How to count total number of tables in database ?

Database

Ans. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.tables

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Q178. There is a Table Student having Student Id, Name and Total Marks. Can you please write an SQL that will display the maximum marks obtained by a student ?

Database

Ans. SELECT MARKS FROM STUDENT ORDER BY MARKS DESC LIMIT 1;

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Q179. What is CRUD ?

Database

Ans. CRUD stands for "Create, read, update and delete" are the basic functions of persistence.

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Q180. Can we declare a main method as abstract ?

Ans. No. Static methods cannot be overridden and hence make no sense to be declared abstract.

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Q181. What is multilevel inheritance ?

Core Java

Ans. Multi Level Inheritance is multi level hierarchy of classes. Here is the example - http://www.buggybread.com/2015/09/java-se-class-diagram-classes-that_603.html

Class RoleList extends ArrayList which in turn extends AbstractList which in turn extends AbstractCollection.

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Q182. When do we generally get the database error - Unique Constraint Violated ?

Ans. This error can result either on an insert, update or delete when any change in data results in duplicate record or subset of it having unique constraint on record or its subset. For example - If we have a unique constraint on a combination of columns and then trying to insert duplicate column values.

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Q183. What are some alternates to keeping Audit Tables ?

Database

Ans. Audit Tables generally stores Raw information to be reviewed in case of problems or determining impact. If Database space is an issue , and the audit information is rarely retrieved, one design could be to use compressed file system.

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Q184. What is the purpose of Commit and Rollback in Databases ?

Database

Ans. When a DML is executed, the changes only stays in session and still not pushed to DB Tables, Commit is used to push those changes to the Tables.

In case we realize that we don't want to commit those changes and would like to ignore them, we can use rollback.

For example - You may like that for a banking transaction you would like to update the account balance only if the debit or credit record was correctly inserted, so you may like to encapsulate both DML's - insert for transaction and update for balance in a single transaction and would only commit if both succeeds else rollback.

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Q185. What is a static variable in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. It is a class level variable that is shared among the objects of that class.

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Q186. Why do we use a copy constructor ?

Ans. Copy Constructor is used for creating a duplicate of another object. Duplicate object will have the same state of the copied object but will have independent values in different memory locations. Copy Constructor can be useful to create duplicates of immutable objects as the Original cannot be tampered. Moreover It can be useful if base copies are required for individual requests in threading.

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Q187. Should a Database Update Request be a POST or PUT Request in Rest

Rest

Ans. It should be a POST Request

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Q188. Does it make sense to clone an object which is supposed to be immutable ?

Design

Ans. It make sense only if we intend to modify either of the object and would like to preserve original state in other. Otherwise we can reuse the original object by making it singleton.

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Q189. Can we access private members of the parent class ? i.e Are private members of the class visible in the derived class ?

Core Java

Ans. No, If both Parent and Derived are outer classes.

public class Vehicle {
private static String manufacturingDate = "2016";
}

public class Car extends Vehicle{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(manufacturingDate); // error - The field Vehicle.manufacturingDate is not visible
}
}

Yes, If derived is the inner class of Parent.

public class Vehicle {
private static String manufacturingDate = "2016";
static public class Car extends Vehicle{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(manufacturingDate); // no problem
}
}
}

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Q190. Where do we generally use comparable interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Implementing Comparable interface means that the elements of the class are comparable i.e the class provides the implementation of compareTo method that would help comparing the elements.

This is usually required if we are planning to sort elements of a collection, If compareTo method is not defined , the sorting class / method could never understand a way to compare its elements in order to sort them.

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