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 Q31. How substring() method of String class create memory leaks?Core Java
Ans. substring method would build a new String object keeping a reference to the whole char array, to avoid copying it. Hence you can inadvertently keep a reference to a very big character array with just a one character string.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   string class   string   substring   memory leaks   jvm   memory management   advanced   architecture   technical architect   technical lead      expert


 Q32. What are the advantages of Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. 1. No need to know SQL, RDBMS, and DB Schema.
2. Underlying Database can be changed without much effort by changing SQL dialect and DB connection.
3.Improved Performance by means of Caching.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   orm   architecture


 Q33. What are the considerations to be made in case of loops in Java ?Core Java
Ans. 1. It shouldn't result in infinite loop. Please make sure that you have a condition that will terminate the loop and that condition should be reached.

2. Make sure to use the break statement if you aspire to only look for something. Not using break will unnecessarily execute it till the end of for loop in some cases.

3. Similarly use continue to execute the loop with next iteration and bypass the rest of the code block if required.

4. Try to avoid multiple nesting of for loops. If it''s required, Make sure to use break and continue properly so as to avoid some unnecessary processing.

5. Make sure to use try catch within the loop and not outside the for loop if you expect it to continue if one of the iteration fails.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   loops   continue   break   for loop  control statements  loop statement.while loop  control statements  loop statement   architecture


 Q34. Describe structure of a Web application.architecture
Ans. WEB APP |WEB-INF - META-INF | | | META-INF.MF | lib - WEB.xml - Classes

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     web application     Asked in 3 Companies      intermediate        frequent


 Q35. what is content negotiation?
Ans. Suppose we want to visit a site for any information, information can be represented in different languages like English,German or may be other and their format for presentation can also differ from HTML to PDF or may be Plain text. In this case when an client makes an HTTP request to a server, client can also specify the media types here. Client can specify what it can accept back from host and on the basis of availability the host will return to the client. This is called content negotiation because client and server negotiated on the language and format of the content to be shared.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     j2ee   internet   content negotiation   http   architecture


 Q36. What is the difference between AWT and Swing?
Ans. Swing provides both additional components like JTable, JTree etc and added functionality to AWT-replacement components.

Swing components can change their appearance based on the current “look and feel” library that’s being used.

Swing components follow the MVC paradigm, and thus can provide a much more flexible UI.

Swing provides extras for components, such as icons on many components, decorative borders for components, tool tips for components etc.

Swing components are lightweight than AWT.

Swing provides built-in double buffering ,which means an off-screen buffer is used during drawing and then the resulting bits are copied onto the screen.

Swing provides paint debugging support for when you build your own component.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   awt   java ui   swing   difference between swing and awt   architecture


 Q37. Name few tools for probing Java Memory Leaks ?
Ans. JProbe, OptimizeIt

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 Q38. What is unmarshalling ?
Ans. Its the process of creating Java Objects out of XML structures.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     xml   java api for xml   unmarshalling   parser   sax   dom   architecture     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q39. What are LDAP servers used for ?Java EE
Ans. LDAP servers are typically used in J2EE applications to authenticate and authorise users. LDAP servers are hierarchical and are optimized for read access, so likely to be faster than database in providing read access.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   j2ee   ldap   servers   authentication   authorization   architecture   technical lead   technical architect  production support     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q40. What is a Listener ?Design
Ans. In GUI programming, an object that can be registered to be notified when events of some given type occur. The object is said to listener? for the events.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   gui   ui programming   swing   awt   swt   listener   architecture


 Q41. What is unicode ?Core Java
Ans. A way of encoding characters as binary numbers. The Unicode character set includes
characters used in many languages, not just English. Unicode is the character set that is
used internally by Java.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   character encoding   unicode   architecture


 Q42. What is connection pooling?Database
Ans. It's a technique to allow multiple clients to make use of a cached set of shared and reusable connection objects providing access to a database or other resource.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   jdbc   db connectivity   connection pooling   architecture     Asked in 3 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q43. Define Network Programming?
Ans. It refers to writing programs that execute across multiple devices (computers), in which the devices are all connected to each other using a network.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   network programming   distributed computing   architecture


 Q44. What are the advantages and Disadvantages of Sockets ?
Ans. Sockets are flexible and sufficient. Efficient socket based programming can be easily implemented for general communications. It cause low network traffic.

Socket based communications allows only to send packets of raw data between applications. Both the client-side and server-side have to provide mechanisms to make the data useful in any way.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   network programming   distributed computing   sockets   architecture


 Q45. What is the best practice configuration usage for files - pom.xml or settings.xml ?Maven
Ans. The best practice guideline between settings.xml and pom.xml is that configurations in settings.xml must be specific to the current user and that pom.xml configurations are specific to the project.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     maven   build technologies   pom.xml   settings.xml   architecture   technical architect   technical lead   build management   build and release

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 Q46. Is JVM a overhead ?
Ans. Yes and No. JVM is an extra layer that translates Byte Code into Machine Code. So Comparing to languages like C, Java provides an additional layer of translating the Source Code.

C++ Compiler - Source Code --> Machine Code
Java Compiler - Source Code --> Byte Code , JVM - Byte Code --> Machine Code

Though it looks like an overhead but this additional translation allows Java to run Apps on all platforms as JVM provides the translation to the Machine code as per the underlying Operating System.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   jvm   interpreter   platform independent   yes-no   advanced   architecture


 Q47. Which markup languages can be used in restful web services ? Rest
Ans. XML and JSON ( Javascript Object Notation ).

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   web services   rest   java   j2ee   xml   json   architecture      basic        frequent


 Q48. Why Web services use HTTP as the communication protocol ?Web Service
Ans. With the advent of Internet, HTTP is the most preferred way of communication. Most of the clients ( web thin client , web thick clients , mobile apps ) are designed to communicate using http only. Web Services using http makes them accessible from vast variety of client applications.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     rest   webservices   web servuces   http   architecture   technical architect


 Q49. What is the use of HTTPSession in relation to http protocol ?Java EE
Ans. http protocol on its own is stateless. So it helps in identifying the relationship between multiple stateless request as they come from a single source.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     j2ee   servlets   web application   session   httpsession   architecture     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q50. Why using cookie to store session info is a better idea than just using session info in the request ?Java EE
Ans. Session info in the request can be intercepted and hence a vulnerability. Cookie can be read and write by respective domain only and make sure that right session information is being passed by the client.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     j2ee   servlets   session   session management   web applications   cookies   httpsession   architecture


 Q51. http protocol is by default ... ?Java EE
Ans. stateless

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     j2ee   servlets   session   session management   web applications   cookies   httpsession   architecture


 Q52. Can we disable first level cache ? What should one do if we don't want an object to be cached ?Hibernate
Ans. No.We can either call evict after the object retrieval or can use separate sessions.

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 Q53. What is Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. Hibernate is a Java ORM Framework.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   orm   frameworks   architecture


  Q54. What is lazy fetching in Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. Lazy fetching is the technique of not loading the child objects when parent objects are loaded. By default Hibernate does not load child objects. One can specify whether to load them or not while doing the association.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   lazy fetching   architecture     Asked in 11 Companies        frequent

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 Q55. Is It Good to use Reflection in an application ? Why ?Core Java
Ans. no, It's like challenging the design of application.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   reflection api   yes-no   architecture     Asked in 1 Companies      intermediate


 Q56. Why is Reflection slower ?
Ans. Because it has to inspect the metadata in the bytecode instead of just using precompiled addresses and constants.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   reflection   reflection api   architecture


 Q57. What are the different ID generating strategies using @GeneratedValue annotation ?Hibernate
Ans. Auto , Identity , Sequence and Table.

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 Q58. How to do Eager loading in Hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. Using

lazy = false in hibernate config file

or

@Basic(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) at the mapping

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   lazy loading hibernate   basic annotation hibernate   architecture


 Q59. What is asynchronous I/O ?
Ans. It is a form of Input Output processing that permits other processing to continue before the I/O transmission has finished.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   io   file   fileio   java7   architecture


 Q60. Difference between TCP and UDP ?Networking
Ans. http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/key-differences-between-tcp-and-udp-protocols/

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