Interview Questions and Answers for 'Cla' | Search Interview Question

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Q181. Is this valid in Java ?

Long x = new Long ("42");

Ans. Yes. Long wrapper class has overloaded constructor which takes String as input and then translate it to the long value and stored it as long.

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Q182. What is classpath in a project?

Core Java

Ans. ClassPath is the path where Java looks for class files to resolve the dependencies. For example - If you are using a class "xyz" in your code and have specified the respective import, Where should Java look for the definition of xyz. Java determines using the class path settings.

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Q183. What is the difference between public class and class ?

Core Java

Ans. Class without any access specifier has the default scope i.e it can be accessed by any class within same package.

Class declared public can be accessed from anywhere.

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Q184. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q185. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q186. How is Abstraction implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction is provided in Java by following ways -

Coding to the ( Interfaces / Abstract Classes ) or contracts

By Encapsulating details within classes and exposing the minimal Door ( few public methods )

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Q187. Name few classes that extends Number Class ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-util-classes-that-inherit-number.html

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Q188. Name few classes that extend Thread class ?

Core Java

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-threads-classes-that-inherit.html

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Q189. Name few classes that extends Collections class ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-classes-that-inherit.html

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Very Frequently asked. Have been asked in HCL Technologies very frequently ( based on 3 feedback ). Among first few questions in many interviews.

Q190. Differences between abstract class and interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).

A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.

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Q191. In which cases isn't instanceof operator a bad practice?

Core Java

Ans. To avoid ClassCastException.

Though the following code will compile fine but will result in ClassCastException during runtime.

Fruit fruit = new Apple();
Banana banana = Banana(fruit); // ClassCastException

This code will not give compile time error as Banana and Fruit are related as Banana either extends or implement Fruit, So downcasting is acceptable. With this code we assume that the Fruit handler will have the Apple object at that point, violating which the code will throw the exception.

This exception can be avoided by following code.

Fruit fruit = new Apple();
if(fruit instanceOf Banana){
Banana banana = Banana(fruit); // ClassCastException
}

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Q192. Why do we need Thread class even in case we execute thread using runnable interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Thread class holds the definition of start method ( This is the method that starts execution of new thread and then calls run method within the scope of new thread ). Interfaces don't hold any definition and so does runnable. So it makes it necessary the usage of Thread class , whatever implementation you choose.

When your class extends the thread class, it carries the definition of start method from parent Thread class onto itself and hence new yourClass.start() helps starting a new thread and then executing run method in that new thread scope.

When you implement runnable interface , you are just making it sure to the JVM that you have implemented the required method ( run() ) which the Thread start method will look for upon executing start method.

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Q193. Do you see Class as a Data Type or Data Structure ?

Ans. Class can be better seen as Data Type. This could be implemented as a Data Structure too in some cases.

One thing worth understanding here is that Data type and Data structure are conceptual things. Class could be implementation of either of these.

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Q194. Can we have multiple classes in single file ?

Ans. Yes, but there can be only 1 public class in a single file.

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Q195. Which access specifiers can be used with top level class ? a. public or default b. public or private c. public or protected d. protected or default

Core Java

Ans. public or default

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Q196. Which of the following can be marked static ?

a. Methods , Variables and Initialization Blocks.
b. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and Outer Classes and nested Classes.
c. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and Outer Classes.
d. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and nested Classes

Core Java

Ans. Methods , Variables , Initialization Blocks and nested Classes

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Q197. Which of the following cannot be marked static ?

a. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes ( nested ), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
b. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Class variables , Class Methods , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
c. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
d. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes (Nested), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables

Ans. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.

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Q198. Which of the following is not type of inner classes ?

a. Simple Inner Class
b. Static Nested Inner Class
c. Method Nested Static Inner Class
d. Anonymous Inner Class

Ans. Method Nested Static Inner Class

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Q199. Which of the following is not the difference between Singleton and Static class ( Class with static members only ) ?

a. Only one object can be created for Singleton class whereas No objects are created for static class.
b. Singleton class instance is initiated using new keyword whereas static class instance is created using static method.
c. Singleton class can be serialized whereas Static class cannot be.
d. Singleton Class can participate in runtime Polymorphism whereas Static class cannot.

Ans. Singleton class instance is initiated using new keyword whereas static class instance is created using static method.

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Q200. Which of the following do you think is the primary reason you would never use a static class even the application doesn't need multiple requests or threads ?

a. Serialization
b. Runtime Polymorphism
c. Lazy Loading
d. Memory

Ans. Runtime Polymorphism

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Almost sure to be asked in every company using any Dependency Injection framework ( Spring, Guice etc )

Q201. What is Dependency Injection or IOC ( Inversion of Control ) ?

Design

Ans. It is a Design Pattern that facilitates loose coupling by sending the dependency information ( object references of dependent object ) while building the state of the object. Objects are designed in a manner where they receive instances of the objects from other pieces of code, instead of constructing them internally and hence provide better flexibility.

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Must know at all levels. Among Top 10 frequently asked questions in Java. Very frequently asked to fresh graduates or less experienced professionals.

Q202. What is Inheritance ?

Core Java

Ans. Its a facility for code reuse and independent extension wherein a derived class inherits the properties of parent class.

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Q203. What is a Java Bean ? How is it different from other Java classes ?

Ans. A Java bean is a class which abides by following conventions:

Core of the object is member elements and not operations ( methods )

Member Elements can be accessed by getters (and setters if those properties are not read-only).

serializable.

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Q204. What are different types of classes ?

Core Java

Ans. There are different verticals in which Java Classes can be classified.

1. Access - Public , Private , default or Protected.

2. Packaging - System, library or User Defined

3. Structure - Outer or Inner

4. Object Derivation - Abstract Class or Concrete Class.

5. Object Creation - Normal, Singleton , Doubleton , Immutable or Enum.

6. Functionality - String , Util , Stream etc.

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Q205. In the following code , how many methods needs to be implemented in Class B ?

public interface A{
   public void method1();
   public void method2();
   public void method3();
}

abstract class B implements A{
}

Core Java

Ans. As Class B has been declared abstract , we can either implement any of these methods and just declare rest of them abstract.

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Q206. In which cases , moving methods to utility class could be useful ?

Core Java

Ans. It could be worthy to move a method to util class if the method needs to be shared, doesn't require polymorphic behavior and need not be overridden in special cases.

Don't belong to one group through is-a relationship ( You can share through parent class method )

Don't implement a specific interface ( java 8 default methods )

Doesn't involve complex computing as you will be loosing the benefit of object state with just static method.

Doesn't require polymorphic behavior as static methods don't participate in runtime polymorphism.

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Q207. Can a lock be acquired on a class? How is it different than the object level lock ?

Ans. Yes, a lock can be acquired on the class. Class level lock is applicable on the whole class and hence on all objects of the class whereas the object level lock is applicable on the respective object.

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Q208. What is the use of Runtime Class ?

Ans. This class is used to provide access to the Java runtime system

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Q209. What should a class do if its extending an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. It should either implement the abstract methods or re-declare them abstract.

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Q210. Which of the following is not true for abstract classes ? Reference

Core Java

a. Abstract Class is only meant to be sub classed and not supposed to be instantiated.

b. Abstract class handlers can be used to handle derived class objects.

c. We can't have an abstract class without abstract methods.

d. Abstract class has member elements.

Ans.c. We can't have an abstract class without abstract methods.

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