Interview Questions and Answers for 'Design' | Search Interview Question

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Q91. What could be the real world example of Adapter Design Pattern ?

Design

Ans. Voltage converters / Power Adapters

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Q92. What are the trade offs between public constructor and static final method ?

Core Java

Ans. Public constructor is simple and easy as it's the default way of object creation. So there are no additional coding overheads as compiler provides the default constructor if none is provided by coder.

With static final methods, it facilitates loose coupling by segregating the responsibility of object creation to a separate method. Validation can be done on the constructor arguments before calling it. Moreover if any adaption on the arguments is required that can achieved easily with factory method.On the flip side, there is coding overhead and additional method call.

Sample Code for constructor

Sample Code for factory

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Q93. Design a Coffee machine using Oops concepts.

Design

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Q94. Give an example of how Object Oriented Programming Concepts can be implemented.

Design

Ans. You can implement encapsulation in Java by keeping the fields (class variables) private and providing public getter and setter methods to each of them. Java Beans are examples of fully encapsulated classes. Encapsulation in Java: Restricts direct access to data members (fields) of a class.

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Q95. Design a class diagram for a farm.

Design

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Q96. What are the worst anti patterns in Java ?

Design

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Q97. How can we track of all objects created in an application ?

Design

Ans. We can store the references in a collection by adding to those objects in the collection. We can create a class "ObjectRegistry" with a collection or multiple collections with a search algorithm to look for the already collected objects.

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Q98. Which of the OOP's features facilitate dependency injection ?

Design

Ans. Inheritance , Runtime Polymorphism and Composition.

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Q99. Is dependency injection possible if we don't have inheritance / Composition ?

Design

Ans. Without composition - No, as it's the core of dependency injection.

With Inheritance - Yes, through interface implementation.

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Q100. How do you design microservices?

Design

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Q101. What could be the driving force to have dependencies injected through class than through config file while using IOC or Dependency Injection ?

Design

Ans. Unit Testing

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Q102. Design a Database Schema to store Employee Information with each employee having multiple addresses.

Database

Ans. We can have 2 entities i.e EMPLOYEE and ADDRESS and can have a relationship Table , EMPLOYEE_ADDRESS having one to may relationship between the two.

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Q103. What is monkey patching ?

Design

Ans. The term monkey patch only refers to dynamic modifications of a class or module at runtime, motivated by the intent to patch existing third-party code as a workaround to a bug or feature which does not act as desired.

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Q104. Can you explain software design principles cohesion and coupling with an example?

Design

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Q105. In singleton Pattern framework, Web application deployed on multiple cluster server will have how many objects?

Design

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Q106. In a file there are 1 million words . Find 10 most frequent words in that file.

Design

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Q107. How one dao Implementation object (singleton) can handle multiple requests?

Design Pattern

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Q108. Explain Facade design pattern

Design

Ans. Single gateway of the entire application is called Facade Design Pattern.

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Q109. Write code for serialization.

Core Java

Ans. // Java code for serialization and deserialization
// of a Java object
import java.io.*;

class Demo implements java.io.Serializable
{
   public int a;
   public String b;

   // Default constructor
   public Demo(int a, String b)
   {
      this.a = a;
      this.b = b;
   }

}

class Test
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Demo object = new Demo(1, "geeksforgeeks");
      String filename = "file.ser";

      // Serialization
      try
      {
         //Saving of object in a file
         FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(filename);
         ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(file);

         // Method for serialization of object
         out.writeObject(object);

         out.close();
         file.close();

         System.out.println("Object has been serialized");

      }

      catch(IOException ex)
      {
         System.out.println("IOException is caught");
      }

      Demo object1 = null;

      // Deserialization
      try
      {
         // Reading the object from a file
         FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(filename);
         ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(file);

         // Method for deserialization of object
         object1 = (Demo)in.readObject();

         in.close();
         file.close();

         System.out.println("Object has been deserialized ");
         System.out.println("a = " object1.a);
         System.out.println("b = " object1.b);
      }

      catch(IOException ex)
      {
         System.out.println("IOException is caught");
      }

      catch(ClassNotFoundException ex)
      {
         System.out.println("ClassNotFoundException is caught");
      }

   }
}

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Q110. Explain flow of MVC

Design

Ans. It is an architectural pattern that separates an application into three main logical components: the model, the view, and the controller. Each of these components are built to handle specific development aspects of an application

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Q111. Design an inventory management system.

Design

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Q112. What is micro-benchmarking in Java?

Design

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Q113. Can you write critical section code for singleton design pattern ?

Design

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Q114. Design ATM machine application using oops.

Design

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Q115. If you are given a choice to decide a Programming language for an application , what factors would you think of before deciding on the language to build it ?

Design

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Q116. What is the programming advantage of Immutability ?

Design

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Q117. What are the disadvantages of immutability ?

Design

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Q118. What are the ways to break singleton pattern ?

Design

Ans. If we don't have double checked locking, it can be broken easily through multi threaded access.

Through Reflection.

If multiple class loaders are loading the class.

If the class is serializable or cloneable.

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Q119. Why the singleton class should never implement Cloneable interface ?

Design

Ans. Because Singleton implementation doesn't restrict it from cloning and hence we can have multiple objects when we actually don't intend it to have multiple objects.

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Q120. How serialization breaks Singleton pattern ?

Design

Ans. It's not serialization but de serialization that breaks purpose of singleton as new objects can be brought to life using the serialized object.

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