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Q151. How would you explain the statement "Java Programs are collection of objects" ?

Ans. Java Programs are collection of objects that communicates with each other to get a task accomplished. To add to those objects, there are common spaces ( static i.e common for objects belonging to a class ) that are used too.

We can visualize objects as departments of an organization in real world. Just like Task gets initiated in one department and then files are moved across different departments to get work done. In a similar fashion, a task is initiated in one object ( having main method ) and then information ( through POJOs / DTOs ) is moved across objects to accomplish a task.

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Q152. Give an example of how Object Oriented Programming Concepts can be implemented.

Design

Ans. You can implement encapsulation in Java by keeping the fields (class variables) private and providing public getter and setter methods to each of them. Java Beans are examples of fully encapsulated classes. Encapsulation in Java: Restricts direct access to data members (fields) of a class.

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Q153. Can we compile and execute a Java class without main method ?

Core Java

Ans. No without main method can not be executed it will throw an error illegal start of type. Main method is the entry point of application.

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Q154. What is the problem we could face if we be very liberal with importing classes even if we are not using them ? For example

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

Core Java

Ans. It makes application little heavy as we are importing classes that aren't required.

It creates class name conflicts as similar name classes might be available across different packages. In case of such conflicts, we will have to specify the package name with the class name at the time of it's usage.

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Q155. Which java package is loaded by default and hence doesn't require an explicit import statement ?

Core Java

Ans. java.lang

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Q156. How would you design a stack which, in addition to push and pop, also has a function min which returns the minimum element? Push, pop and min should all operate in O(1) time

Algorithm

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Q157. Which components of AWS are you using in your project ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We are using EC2 and Lambda for computing, RDS for Database , S3 for Storage , SQS and Kinesis for streaming and queue and CloudWatch for monitoring.

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Q158. How is LinkedList collection class internally implemented ? Is it a Linked List or Doubly Linked List ?

Core Java

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Q159. What is EC2 and EC2 instance ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. EC2 is elastics compute cloud is one of the amazon service and ec2 instance is one type of virtual server which you create from AMI.

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Q160. What are some of the vendors providing cloud computing infrastructure ?

Server

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Q161. How cloud computing is different than virtualization ?

Server

Ans. A Virtualization is software that virtualizes your hardware into multiple machines while Cloud computing is the combination of multiple hardware devices. In Virtualization, a user gets dedicated hardware while in Cloud computing multiple hardware devices provide one login environment for the user.

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Q162. What are some of the computation services provided by AWS ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. EC2, EKS, EKC , Lambda

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Q163. Tell me something about Amazon Lambda.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of Amazon Web Services. It is a computing service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources required by that code. It was introduced in November 2014.

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Q164. What is composition ?

Core Java

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Sample Code for composition

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Q165. Find Max from Stack in O(1) complexity

Algorithm

Ans. Create one extra field called MAX O(1)

when you an element to the stack check these two condition
1. Stack is empty, then MAX = element
2. Stack is not empty then check if the element is greater than MAX then MAX = element

when getMax fuction is called, then return MAX

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Q166. Can we reserve resources in AWS Lambda just like we do for Ec2 instances ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. You can have reserved capacity with AWS Lambda. This guarantees that this number of concurrent Lambdas are always available for that function.

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Q167. Why use Java ?

Core Java

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Q168. How to Create Cron Job in Hybris e-commerce suite

Hybris

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Q169. What will the following code print and Why

class Class1 {
static{
System.out.println("Wow");
}
public static final int xyz=1;
}

class Class2{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(String.valueOf(Class1.xyz));
}
}

Core Java

Ans. 1

Reason being that Class1.xyz is replaced with 1 during pre compilation only and a reference to Class1 is never made.

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Q170. What is mparticle ?

Mparticle

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Q171. What should we do If we need to know the IP of the machine where Lambda function runs ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

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Q172. Write a program to sort the Array of Strings

Core Java

Ans. String[] s = { "sort", "string", "array" };
Collections.sort(Arrays.asList(s));
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(s)); // [array, sort, string]

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Q173. How to sort objects based on one of the field ?

Core Java

Ans. Using comparable and comparator and sorted collections like TreeSet or TreeMap.

or

use stream api from java 8 onwards which internally refers to comparable and comparator through lambda expressions

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Q174. Why AWS is better than Azure ?

Cloud Computing

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Q175. How do you usually choose which type of EC2 Instance you would like to Use ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Depend on its pricing module

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Q176. How can we schedule Lambda function to run daily ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We can schedule that through CloudWatch.

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Q177. Explain Hibernate caching mechanism

Hibernate

Ans. Every fresh session having its own cache memory, Caching is a mechanism for storing the loaded objects into cache memory. The advantage of cache mechanism is, whenever again we want to load the same object from the database then instead of hitting the database once again, it loads from the local cache memory only, so that the no. of round trips between an application and a database server got decreased. It means caching mechanism increases the performance of the application.

In hibernate we have two levels of caching

First Level Cache [ or ] Session Cache
Second Level Cache [ or ] Session Factory Cache [ or ] JVM Level Cache

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Q178. What is elasticity in relation to Cloud infrastructure ?

Cloud Computing

Ans. The power to scale computing resources up and down easily with minimal friction

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Q179. What is the default limit on number of EC2 instances in each region ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. 20

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Q180. write a program for 4 digit otp generation?

Design

Ans. import java.util.Random;

public class OTPGenerator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int otpLength = 4;
String otp = generateOTP(otpLength);
System.out.println("Generated OTP: " otp);
}

private static String generateOTP(int length) {
StringBuilder otp = new StringBuilder();
Random random = new Random();

for (int i = 0; i < length; i ) {
int digit = random.nextInt(10);
otp.append(digit);
}

return otp.toString();
}
}

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