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Q121. Where do we generally use comparable interface ?

Ans. Implementing Comparable interface means that the elements of the class are comparable i.e the class provides the implementation of compareTo method that would help comparing the elements.

This is usually required if we are planning to sort elements of a collection, If compareTo method is not defined , the sorting class / method could never understand a way to compare its elements in order to sort them.

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Q122. What is the difference between Collections.emptyList() and creating new instance of List using new ?

Core Java

Ans. But Collections.emptyList() returns an Immutable list whereas new arraylist() creates a mutable list.

Advantage of getting an empty list using Collections.emptyList is that it returns a singleton list which can be shared among many references and hence made immutable. This is good fit for situations where we would like to initialize a list to basic minimum empty to avoid null pointer exception.

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Q123. What is Spring Boot ?

Spring Boot

Ans. Spring Boot is Springs convention-over-configuration solution for creating stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based Applications.

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Q124. What is Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.

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Q125. With a Table employee having columns Id,Name,ManagerEmployeeId, Write a SQL to find the Manager with maximum number of employees ?

Database

Ans. Select Name from EMPLOYEE where ID in (Select ManagerEmployeeId from EMPLOYEE
Group By ManagerEmployeeId
order by count(Id)
LIMIT 1)

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Q126. What is a factory design pattern ?

Design

Ans. Factory Design Patterns is the pattern that recommends creation of separate Factory Object for creation of other object.

So its like saying - If you want to create an object of ClassA, Talk to FactoryObject ( which is an object of FactoryClass ). FactoryObject in itself encapsulates the inputs and logic required to make the decision regarding the creation and construction of object.

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Q127. Scale yourself on Java on the scale of 1 to 10

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

The objective of the question is to check how efficient one is in the language so that appropriate level questions are asked. Don't tell too high number if you are being interviewed for a junior or mid level position as the interviewer may throw advance level questions.

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Q128. Which environment variables do we need to set in order to run Java programs?

Core Java

Ans. PATH, CLASSPATH and JAVA_HOME

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Q129. Does importing a package imports all its sub packages too ?

Core Java

Ans. No, but we can use wild card (*) to do so

For example -

import java.util.*

will import all packages with name starting with java.util

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Q130. What is the difference between

File f = new File("homexyz.txt");

and

File f = File.createTempFile("xyz",".txt","home"); ?

Core Java

Ans. First will not create physical file in storage whereas the second will.

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Q131. What is the difference between compilation and decompilation ?

Core Java

Ans. Compilation is the process of converting Java source files to class files which can be executed by the Java runtime environment whereas Decompilation is the process of converting class files back to the Java Source code.

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Q132. Write a Program to print count of each character in a String.

Core Java

Ans. public class BuggyBread {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Map<Character, Integer> countMap = new HashMap();
String str = "hello world";
for (char character : str.toCharArray()) {
if (countMap.containsKey(character)) {
countMap.put(character, countMap.get(character) + 1);
} else {
countMap.put(character, 1);
}
}
System.out.println(countMap);
}
}

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Q133. Write a program for 0 and cross games?

Core Java

^{This question was recently asked at 'Compro Technologies'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q134. Upon compiling the following class, What .class files will get created

public class OuterClass{
class InnerClass{
}
}

Core Java

Ans. OuterClass.class AND OuterClass$InnerClass.class

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Frequently asked Spring interview question.

Q135. What are the components of Spring framework ?

Spring

Ans. Core: [Core, Bean, Context, Expression Language]

Web: [Web, Portlet, Servlet, etc]

Data Access [JMS, JDBC, etc]

AOP, Aspect

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Q136. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Q137. How are the concept of Association related to Composition and Inheritance ?

Core Java

Ans. Composition and Inheritance are the different types of Associations for Classes.

Composition is a has-a association between classes.
Inheritance is a is-a association between classes.

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Q138. What is an execution engine within JVM ?

Core Java

Ans. Execution engine contains interpreter and JIT compiler, which covert byte code into machine code.

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Q139. Write program to create a linked list and perform different operations on it.

Algorithm

Ans. import java.util.*;
class LinkedListSolution{
protected LinkedList list;
public LinkedListSolution(){
list = new LinkedList();
}
public Object pop() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.removeFirst();
}
public void push(Object obj){
list.addFirst(obj);
}
public Object peek() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.getFirst();
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return list.isEmpty();
}
public String toString(){
return list.toString();
}
}
class TestStack{
public static void main(String args[]){
LinkedListSolution s = new LinkedListSolution();
s.push("First");
s.push("Second");
s.push("Third");
System.out.println("Top: " s.peek());
s.push("Fourth");
while(!(s.isEmpty()))
System.out.println(s.pop());
}
}

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Q140. Difference between import and include directive in jsp

Java EE

^{This question was recently asked at 'ADP'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q141. Given 2 jars of 5 ltr and 3 ltr, how will you get 4 ltrs in one of those jars ?

Puzzle

Ans. Number 1 -

Fill the 5 litre can from the tap

Empty the 5 litre can into the 3 litre can leaving 2 litres in the 5 litre can.

Pour away the contents of the 3 litre can.Fill the 3 litre can with the 2 litres from the 5 litre can leaving 2 litres in the 3 litre can.

Fill the 5 litre can from the tap.Fill the remaining 1 litre space in the 3 litre can from the 5 litre can.Leaving 4 litres in the 5 litre can.

Number 2 -

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap.Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can.

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap.Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can leaving the 5 litre can full and 1 litre in the 3 litre can.

Pour away the contents of the 5 litre can. Pour the 1 litre from the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can.

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap. Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can leaving 4 litres in the 5 litre can.

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Q142. Why do we need Garbage collection ?

Core Java

Ans. Garbage collection mechanism frees up the memory that is no longer needed. In languages like C / C++ the deallocation needs to be done explicitly by the programmer and hence any leniency may result in memory leak. Garbage collection in java ensures that all unused memory is reclaimed and hence there are no memory leaks.Moreover it relieves the programmer from the hassle of carefully releasing all memory.

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Q143. Write a Program to merge two sorted arrays ?

Data Structure

Ans. We can merge two sorted array by using quick sort algorithm

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Q144. What is the importance of Abstract Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as code reuse through inheritance ( extending abstract class )

Comparing to concrete class they have an advantage of providing interface which a concrete class doesn't provide.

Comparing to interfaces they have an advantage of providing code reuse through inheritance which interfaces dont provide.

Sample Code for abstract class

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Q145. What will be result of following code and why

Integer int1 = 1;
Integer int2 = 1;
String str1 = new String("str");
String str2 = new String("str");
String str3 = "str";
String str4 = "str";

System.out.println(int1 == int2);
System.out.println(str1 == str2);
System.out.println(str3 == str4);

Core Java

Ans. true
false
true

Just like Strings, java maintains an integer constant pool too. So 1 will be maintained in integer constant pool and hence reference int2 will point to same integer in pool.

String pool is only for string literals ( defined by "" ) and not for newly created objects and hence str1 == str2 will return false as they are separate objects in memory.

String pool is used for storing string literals so that they can be reused and str3 and str4 will point to same string literal in string pool.

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Q146. What are the different layers of cloud computing ?

Infrastructure

Ans. Paas - Platform as a service
Iaas - Infrastructure as a service
Saas - Software as a service

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Q147. Which of the following is valid greater than and equal to operator in Java ?

>=
=>

Core Java

Ans. >=

=> will result in error.

=> somewhat looks like lambda operator "->"

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Q148. What is meant by the statement "Java is turing complete" ?

Core Java

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Q149. What is Amazon EC2 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud or EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS cloud. It can be used to create Virtual Environments , storage and configure. EC2 enables to upgrade or downgrade infrastructure according to the rules defined ( with fluctuation in latency, traffic etc )

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Q150. What is the difference between Elastic Compute Cloud and Elastic Beanstalk ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. EC2 is Amazon computing service whereas Elastic Beanstalk is the AWS service for deploying and managing web applications.

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