Core java - Interview Questions and Answers for 'Ola' | Search Interview Question

Core java - Interview Questions and Answers for 'Ola' - 33 question(s) found - Order By Newest

Q1. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.

Q2. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?

Core Java

Ans. Underlying data structure for ArrayList is Array whereas LinkedList is the linked list and hence have following differences -

1. ArrayList needs continuous memory locations and hence need to be moved to a bigger space if new elements are to be added to a filled array which is not required for LinkedList.

2. Removal and Insertion at specific place in ArrayList requires moving all elements and hence leads to O(n) insertions and removal whereas its constant O(1) for LinkedList.

3. Random access using index in ArrayList is faster than LinkedList which requires traversing the complete list through references.

4. Though Linear Search takes Similar Time for both, Binary Search using LinkedList requires creating new Model called Binary Search Tree which is slower but offers constant time insertion and deletion.

5. For a set of integers you want to sort using quicksort, it's probably faster to use an array; for a set of large structures you want to sort using selection sort, a linked list will be faster.

Sample Code for ArrayList

Sample Code for LinkedList

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Frequently asked in Infosys and HCL Technologies ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q3. What are different ways of object creation in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Using new operator - new xyzClass()

Using factory methods - xyzFactory.getInstance( )

Using newInstance( ) method - (Class.forName(xyzClass))emp.newInstance( )

By cloning an already available object - (xyzClass)obj1.clone( )

Sample Code for object initialization using clone

Sample Code for object initialization using getInstance

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Very Frequently asked. Have been asked in HCL Technologies very frequently ( based on 3 feedback ). Among first few questions in many interviews.

Q4. Differences between abstract class and interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).

A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.

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Basic and Very Frequently asked.

Q5. What is Polymorphism in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Polymorphism means the condition of occurring in several different forms.

Polymorphism in Java is achieved in two manners

1. Static polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at compile time and is achieved through function overloading whereas

2. Dynamic polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at runtime and is achieved through method overriding.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Q6. Which of the following combination of keywords is illegal in Java ?

a. static and transient
b. transient and final
c. static and synchronized
d. abstract and final

Core Java

Ans. abstract and final

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Frequently asked in Infosys India

Q7. What is a String Pool ?

Core Java

Ans. String pool (String intern pool) is a special storage area in Java heap. When a string is created and if the string already exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned, instead of creating a new object and returning its reference.

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Very Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced. Favorite question in Walk in drives. Frequently asked in Indian Services companies.

Q8. Difference between Overloading and Overriding ?

Core Java

Ans. Overloading - Similar Signature but different definition , like function overloading.

Overriding - Overriding the Definition of base class in the derived class.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Advanced level question usually asked to senior developers , leads and architects.

Q9. How does volatile affect code optimization by compiler?

Core Java

Ans. Volatile is an instruction that the variables can be accessed by multiple threads and hence shouldn't be cached. As volatile variables are never cached and hence their retrieval cannot be optimized.

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Q10. Difference between JVM, JRE and JDK ?

Core Java

Ans. JDK(Java Development kit) = Development Kit comprising of JVM , library and development tools for developers

JRE (Java Run time Environment) - Comprise of JVM and set of libraries

JVM(Java Virtual Machine) = Interpreter which reads the .class file line by line.

When we install JDK, JRE also get installed so we can write,compile and excute our code. Used by developer. Without JDK we can only execute the program using JRE.

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Very Frequently asked across all type of companies and across all levels.

Q11. Difference between Public, Private, Default and Protected ?

Core Java

Ans. Private - Not accessible outside object scope.

Public - Accessible from anywhere.

Default - Accessible from anywhere within same package.

Protected - Accessible from object and the sub class objects.

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Frequently asked question for intermediate developers. Frequently asked in HCL Technologies and EPAM.

Q12. What is Volatile keyword used for ?

Core Java

Ans. Volatile is a declaration that a variable can be accessed by multiple threads and hence shouldnt be cached.

Sample Code for volatile

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.

Q13. Difference between Composition and Inheritance ?

Core Java

Ans. Inheritance means a object inheriting reusable properties of the base class. Compositions means that an abject holds other objects.

In Inheritance there is only one object in memory ( derived object ) whereas in Composition , parent object holds references of all composed objects.

From Design perspective - Inheritance is "is a" relationship among objects whereas Composition is "has a" relationship among objects.

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Frequently asked in high end product companies. Frequently asked in Deloitte.

Q14. How is Hashmap internally implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. https://medium.com/javarevisited/internal-working-of-hashmap-in-java-97aeac3c7beb#:~:text=HashMap%20internally%20uses%20HashTable%20implementation,the%20entries%20into%20the%20map.

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Q15. What is Generalization and Specialization in terms of casting ?

Core Java

Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.

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Q16. What is constructor chaining and how is it achieved in Java?

Core Java

Ans. A child object constructor always first needs to construct its parent. In Java it is done via an implicit call to the no-args constructor as the first statement

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q17. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Frequently asked in CTS ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q18. What is the difference between comparable and comparator in java.util pkg?

Core Java

Ans. Comparable interface is used for single sequence sorting i.e.sorting the objects based on single data member where as comparator interface is used to sort the object based on multiple data members.

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Q19. What does String intern() method do?

Core Java

Ans. intern() method keeps the string in an internal cache that is usually not garbage collected.

Moreover provide reference for scp object for corresponding string object present in heap memory.

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Q20. What is a Class ?

Core Java

Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.

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Q21. What is the use of HashCode in objects ?

Core Java

Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc.

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Q22. Can we have null keys in TreeMap ?

Core Java

Ans. No, results in exception.

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Frequently asked in face to face interviews.

Q23. Write a program to print fibonacci series.

Core Java

Ans. int count = 15;
int[] fibonacci = new int[count];
fibonacci[0] = 0;
fibonacci[1] = 1;
for(int x=2; x < count; x++){
fibonacci[x] = fibonacci[x-1] + fibonacci[x-2];
}

for(int x=0; x< count; x++){
System.out.print(fibonacci[x] + " ");
}

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Q24. Why can't we declare a class abstract as well as final ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract means that the class is only meant to be subclassed whereas final means that it cannot be subclassed so both concepts - abstract and final are actually mutually exclusive and hence not permitted together.

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Q25. When should we use Abstract classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as inheritance ( extending abstract class ). So they should be used in place of interfaces in case there is some code ( methods ) or object body ( member elements ) that can be reused with inheritance.

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Q26. Write a program in Java that prints the numbers from 1 to 100. But for multiples of three print Fizz instead of the number and for the multiples of five print Buz. For numbers which are multiples of both three and five print FizzBuzz

Core Java

Ans. public class Class{
public static void main(String[] args){
for(int i=1;i<= 100;i++){
if(i%3 == 0){
if(i%5 == 0){
System.out.println("FizzBuzz");
}
System.out.println("Fizz");
} else if(i%5 == 0){
System.out.println("Buzz");
} else {
System.out.println(i);
}

}
}
}

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Q27. Write a Program for insertion sort.

Core Java

^{This question was recently asked at 'Ola Cabs'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q28. Will the following code compile ?

final HashMap hm = new HashMap();
hm.put("Ravi", 221);

Core Java

Ans. Yes, it will compile without error. final in this context means that the reference hm cannot be assigned to a new hash map but didn't restrict from changing the state of collection already held by hm.

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Q29. How can i split a linked list in two parts in java 8?

Core Java

Ans. This can be done using a Spliterator.

LinkedList list = Arrays.asList("names","numbs","birds","animals");
Spliterator split1 = list.Spliterator();
Spliterator split2 = split1.Spliterator();

Now, the LinkedList is split into split1 and split2.
use split2 first then split1 to check the output.

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Q30. how is the internal code for the "volatile" implemented ?

Core Java

^{This question was recently asked at 'Symantec'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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