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Q1691. How would you design a stack which, in addition to push and pop, also has a function min which returns the minimum element? Push, pop and min should all operate in O(1) time

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Q1692. Write a program to sort a stack in ascending order You should not make any assumptions about how the stack is implemented The following are the only functions that should be used to write this program: push | pop | peek | isEmpty

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Q1693. How can we convert String into Char array and vice versa ?

Ans. There is a method toCharArray() within String class that can be used to convert string to char array.

string.toCharArray();

String class has an argument constructor that takes a char array and create a string

new String(charArray);

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Q1694. How can we convert a character or a character array into a String ?

Ans. String has an argument constructor that take char array as argument and creates a string.

There is no constructor available with String that takes in a character and creates a String. We can use StringBuilder which has a char argument constructor.

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Q1695. Explain Generics in Java ?

Ans. Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within J2SE5.0. They allow "a type or method to operate on objects of various types while providing compile-time type safety.

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Q1696. What is ORM or Object Relationship Mapping ?

Ans. ORM is the mapping technique, which maps object with relational data model. As we know that in java we need objects we can not user data in relational(in table form). So ORM is set of guideline which allows us to map relational data model in object form.

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Q1697. What are the uses of Abstraction ?

Ans. Loose Coupling
Facilitates designing complex applications by making them modular.

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Q1698. What are the disadvantages of Bean Auto Wiring in Spring ?

Ans. It can always be overridden with explicit wiring. Moreover it's confusing if we use both explicit as well as explicit wiring in the project.

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Q1699. How can we track of all objects created in an application ?

Ans. We can store the references in a collection by adding to those objects in the collection. We can create a class "ObjectRegistry" with a collection or multiple collections with a search algorithm to look for the already collected objects.

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Q1700. Lets say we have a set "set1" with objects of Class A, Class has a non static string called element1, Write a code ( using lambda expression ) to see if there is any object in the set with element1 = "Hello".

Ans. set1.stream().filter(p->p.element1.equals("Hello")).findAny().isPreent();

or

set1.stream().map(A::getElement1).anyMatch("Hello"::equals)

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Q1701. Which of the OOP's features facilitate dependency injection ?

Ans. Inheritance , Runtime Polymorphism and Composition.

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Q1702. Is Runtime Polymorphism possible without Inheritance ?

Ans. Yes, Runtime Polymprohism requires either Class inheritance or Interface implementation.

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Q1703. Is dependency injection possible if we don't have inheritance / Composition ?

Ans. Without composition - No, as it's the core of dependency injection.

With Inheritance - Yes, through interface implementation.

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Q1704. Does Wrapper classes produces immutable objects ?

Ans. Yes

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Q1705. Why shouldn't we use string concatenation extensively or in a loop ?

Ans. Because String being an immutable object creates a new object upon each concatenation cycle. If there is any such need , we should use String Builder whose objects are mutable.

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Q1706. What do we mean by a Data Type ?

Ans. if you have similar type of data or objects or entities, then we can give them a type with unique name. And this name will be our Data type.

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Q1707. As root, if you have to assign the owner for the file and set only read permission for the owner, Write a unix command to do it.

Ans. chmod 477

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Q1708. In the following code, which text will get printed immediately after Hello

for(int countx=0;countx<10;count++){
System.out.println("World");
for(int countx=0;countx<10;count++){
System.out.println("Friend");
for(int countx=0;countx<10;count++){
System.out.println("Hello");
break;
}
System.out.println("Buddy");
}
}

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Q1709. Which of the two - iteration or recursion - is slower ?

Ans. Any function call is slower than the code in the same method as Java has to maintain stack of meta and function call information. So recursion is slower.

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Q1710. Which type of testing involves use of mocking frameworks ?

Ans. Unit Testing

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Q1711. Can and Should we mock calls in integration tests ?

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Q1712. Can we instantiate the object of derived class if parent constructor is private ?

Ans. No

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Q1713. How do you design microservices?

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Q1714. Can we have a sub enum within an enum ?

Ans. Yes

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Q1715. Write a SQL to remove records with a duplicate field in a Table ?

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Q1716. If a Map needs to be accessed simultaneously by multiple threads, which collection class should be used ?

Ans. ConcurrentHashMap

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Q1717. What is the difference between stream and parallel stream ?

Ans. streams are used for sequential processing of data and parallel streams are used for parallel processing of data (only if the underlying processor is multicore).

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Q1718. Difference between stateless and stateful rest services ?

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Q1719. What are the advantage of Abstract classes over interfaces with respect to Java 7 ? and What changed in Java 8 to help facilitate that in Java 8 ?

Ans. Abstract Classes provide default implementations of methods that are inherited by the classes that extend them, which was not the case for Interfaces. This changed in Java 8, where default implementations are provided for methods.

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Q1720. Explain Hibernate Validation ?

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