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 Q2101. In a case where there are no instance variables what does the default constructor initialize?Core Java
Ans. Java expects the superclass ( Object Class ) constructor to be called while creation of any object. So super constructor is called in case there are no instance variables to initialize.

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 Q2102. How can I change the default location of the generated jar when I command "mvn package"?Maven
Ans. By default, the location of the generated jar is in ${project.build.directory} or in your target directory. We can change this by configuring the outputDirectory of maven-jar-plugin.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     maven   build technologies   build management   build and release   release management

 Q2103. What is Maven's order of inheritance?Maven
Ans. 1. parent pom
2. project pom
3. settings
4. CLI parameters

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     maven   build technologies   pom.xml   parent pom   project pom   build management
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 Q2104. What is a Mojo?Maven
Ans. A mojo is a Maven plain Old Java Object. Each mojo is an executable goal in Maven, and a plugin is a distribution of one or more related mojos.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     maven   build technologies   mojo

 Q2105. How do I determine which POM contains missing transitive dependency?Maven
Ans. run mvn -X

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     maven   build technologies   pom   build management

 Q2106. Difference between Encapsulation and Data Hiding ?
Ans. Data Hiding is a broader concept. Encapsulation is a OOP's centri concept which is a way of data hiding in OOP's.

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 Q2107. Difference between Abstraction and Implementation hiding ?
Ans. Implementation Hiding is a broader concept. Abstraction is a way of implementation hiding in OOP's.

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 Q2108. What are the features of encapsulation ?Core Java
Ans. Combine the data of our application and its manipulation at one place.

Encapsulation Allow the state of an object to be accessed and modified through behaviors.

Reduce the coupling of modules and increase the cohesion inside them.

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 Q2109. What are the examples of Abstraction in Java ?
Ans. function calling - hides implementation details
wrapper classes
new operator - Creates object in memory, calls constructor

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 Q2110. What are different ways to create String Object? Explain.Core Java
Ans. There are total six ways

1. literals

When we create a String using double quotes, JVM looks in the String pool to find if any other String is stored with same value. If found, it just returns the reference to that String object else it creates a new String object with given value and stores it in the String pool.

2. new keyword

When we use new operator, JVM creates the String object but dont store it into the String Pool. We can use intern() method to store the String object into String pool or return the reference if there is already a String with equal value present in the pool.

3. string buffer
4. string builder
5. System.out.println
6. char to string




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  Q2111. Write a method to check if input String is Palindrome?Core Java
Ans. private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {

if (str == null)
return false;

StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(str);

strBuilder.reverse();

return strBuilder.toString().equals(str);

}

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 Q2112. Write a method that will remove given character from the String?Core Java
Ans. 
private static String removeChar(String str, char c) {    

   if (str == null)        

      return null;     

   

   return str.replaceAll(Character.toString(c), "");

}


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 Q2113. Which String class methods are used to make string upper case or lower case?Core Java
Ans. toUpperCase and toLowerCase

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 Q2114. How to convert String to byte array and vice versa?Core Java
Ans. We can use String getBytes() method to convert String to byte array and we can use String constructor new String(byte[] arr) to convert byte array to String.

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Asked multiple times in Capgemini.
 Q2115. Why Char array is preferred over String for storing password?Core Java
Ans. String is immutable in java and stored in String pool. Once it's created it stays in the pool until unless garbage collected, so even though we are done with password it's available in memory for longer duration and there is no way to avoid it. It's a security risk because anyone having access to memory dump can find the password as clear text.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   string class   string   immutable  immutability   string pool   garbage collection   advanced     Asked in 6 Companies      Expert

 Q2116. Why String is popular HashMap key in Java?Core Java
Ans. Since String is immutable, its hashcode is cached at the time of creation and it doesnt need to be calculated again. This makes it a great candidate for key in a Map and its processing is fast than other HashMap key objects. This is why String is mostly used Object as HashMap keys.

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 Q2117. What ate the getter and setter methods ?
Ans. getters and setters methods are used to store and manipulate the private variables in java beans. A getters as it has name, suggest retrieves the attribute of the same name. A setters are allows you to set the values of the attributes.

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 Q2118. public class a {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      final String s1=""job"";
      final String s2=""seeker"";
      String s3=s1.concat(s2);
      String s4=""jobseeker"";
      System.out.println(s3==s4); // Output 1
      System.out.println(s3.hashCode()==s4.hashCode()); Output 2
   }
}

What will be the Output 1 and Output 2 ?		Core Java
Ans. S3 and S4 are pointing to different memory location and hence Output 1 will be false.

Hash code is generated to be used as hash key in some of the collections in Java and is calculated using string characters and its length. As they both are same string literals, and hence their hashcode is same.Output 2 will be true.

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  Q2119. What is the use of HashCode in objects ?Core Java
Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   string   hashcode   hash code   string comparison  hashtable     Asked in 17 Companies      basic        frequent

Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.
  Q2120. Difference between Composition and Inheritance ?Core Java
Ans. Inheritance means a object inheriting reusable properties of the base class. Compositions means that an abject holds other objects.

In Inheritance there is only one object in memory ( derived object ) whereas in Composition , parent object holds references of all composed objects.

From Design perspective - Inheritance is "is a" relationship among objects whereas Composition is "has a" relationship among objects.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   oops concepts   inheritance  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   composition  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   difference between   basic interview question     Asked in 12 Companies      basic        frequent
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 Q2121. Will finally be called always if all code has been kept in try block ?Core Java
Ans. The only time finally won't be called is if you call System.exit() or if the JVM crashes first.

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 Q2122. Will the static block be executed in the following code ? Why ?

class Test
{
static
{
System.out.println("Why I am not executing ");
}
public static final int param=20;
}

public class Demo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(Test.param);
}
}
Ans. No the static block won't get executed as the referenced variable in the Test class is final. Compiler replaces the content of the final variable within Demo.main method and hence actually no reference to Test class is made.

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 Q2123. Will static block for Test Class execute in the following code ?

class Test
{
static
{
System.out.println("Executing Static Block.");
}
public final int param=20;

public int getParam(){
return param;
}
}

public class Demo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(new Test().param);
}
}
Ans. Yes.

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 Q2124. What does String intern() method do?Core Java
Ans. intern() method keeps the string in an internal cache that is usually not garbage collected.

Moreover provide reference for scp object for corresponding string object present in heap memory.

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 Q2125. Will the following program display ""Buggy Bread"" ?

class Test{
   static void display(){
      System.out.println(""Buggy Bread"");
   }
}

class Demo{
   public static void main(String... args){
      Test t = null;
      t.display();
   }
}		Core Java
Ans.  Yes. static method is not accessed by the instance of class. Either you call it by the class name or the reference.

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 Q2126. How substring() method of String class create memory leaks?Core Java
Ans. substring method would build a new String object keeping a reference to the whole char array, to avoid copying it. Hence you can inadvertently keep a reference to a very big character array with just a one character string.

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Very frequently asked in HCL Tech ( Based of 4 inputs )
  Q2127. Write a program to reverse a string iteratively and recursively ?Core Java
Ans. Using String method -

new StringBuffer(str).reverse().toString();

Iterative -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(str.length);
for(int counter=str.length -1 ; counter>=0;counter--){
strBuffer.append(str.charAt(counter));
}
return strBuffer;
}

Recursive -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
if(str.length <= 1){
return str;
}
return (getReverseString(str.subString(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}

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 Q2128. If you have access to a function that returns a random integer from one to five, write another function which returns a random integer from one to seven.Core Java
Ans. We can do that by pulling binary representation using 3 bits ( random(2) ).

getRandom7() {
   String binaryStr = String.valuesOf(random(2))+String.valuesOf(random(2))+String.valuesOf(random(2));
   binaryInt = Integer.valueOf(binaryStr);
   int sumValue=0;
   int multiple = 1;
   while(binaryInt > 0){
      binaryDigit = binaryInt%10;
      binaryInt = binaryInt /10;
      sumValue = sumValue + (binaryDigit * multiple);
      multiple = multiple * 2;
   }
}

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 Q2129. Write a method to convert binary to a number ?Core Java
Ans.
convert(int binaryInt) {
   int sumValue=0;
   int multiple = 1;
   while(binaryInt > 0){
      binaryDigit = binaryInt%10;
      binaryInt = binaryInt /10;
      sumValue = sumValue + (binaryDigit * multiple);
      multiple = multiple * 2;
   }
   return sumValue;
}

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 Q2130. What will be the output of the following code ?

String s1 = "Buggy Bread";
String s2 = "Buggy Bread";
if(s1 == s2)
   System.out.println("equal 1");
String n1 = new String("Buggy Bread");
String n2 = new String("Buggy Bread");
if(n1 == n2)
   System.out.println("equal 2");		Core Java
Ans. equal 1

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