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Q1171. What is the difference between Kan Ban and Agile ? Which one do you prefer ?

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Q1172. What is the difference between SDLC and Agile ?

Process

Ans. Here are the differences between Agile and Waterfall Methodology:

The software development process is divided into different phases in the Waterfall model while Agile methodology segregates the project development lifecycle into sprints

Waterfall is a structured software development methodology, and often times can be quite rigid, whereas the Agile methodology is known for its flexibility

According to the Waterfall model, software development is to be completed as one single project, which is then divided into different phases, with each phase appearing only once during the SDLC. However, the Agile methodology can be considered as a collection of many different projects, which are nothing but the iterations of the different phases focusing on improving the overall software quality with feedback from users or the QA team

If you want to use the Waterfall model for software development, then you have to be clear with all the development requirements beforehand as there is no scope of changing the requirements once the project development starts. The Agile methodology, on the other hand, is quite flexible, and allows for changes to be made in the project development requirements even after the initial planning has been completed

All the project development phases such as designing, development, testing, etc. are completed once in the Waterfall model while as part of the Agile methodology, they follow an iterative development approach.

As a result, planning, development, prototyping and other software development phases can appear more than once during the entire SDLC One of the major differences between Agile and Waterfall development methodology is their individual approach towards quality and testing.

In the Waterfall model, the Testing phase comes after the Build phase, but, in the Agile methodology, testing is typically performed concurrently with programming or at least in the same iteration as programming

While Waterfall methodology is an internal process and does not require the participation of customers, the Agile software development approach focuses on customer satisfaction and thus, involves the participation of customers throughout the development phase

The Waterfall model can be regarded as a stringently sequential process, however, the Agile methodology is a highly collaborative software development process, thereby leading to better team input and faster problem solving

The Waterfall model is best suited for projects which have clearly defined requirements and in which change is not expected at all, while Agile development supports a process in which the requirements are expected to change and evolve. Thus, if you are planning to develop a software that would require frequent overhauls and has to keep up with the technology landscape and customer requirements, Agile is the best approach to follow

The Waterfall model exhibits a project mindset and lays its focus strictly on the completion of project development, while Agile introduces a product mindset that focuses on ensuring that the developed product satisfies its end customers, and changes itself as the requisites of customers change

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Q1173. What are the benefits of immutability or Immutable classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Immutable objects are thread-safe so you will not have any synchronization issues.Immutable objects are good for Map keys and Set elements, since these typically do not change once created.Immutability makes it easier to write, use and reason about the code (class invariant is established once and then unchanged)Immutability makes it easier to parallelize your program as there are no conflicts among objects.The internal state of your program will be consistent even if you have exceptions.References to immutable objects can be cached as they are not going to change.

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Q1174. Which of the two - Arrays or LinkedList - is a better data structure for implementing Queue ? and Why ?

Data Structure

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Q1175. Which immutable classes have you worked with ? Can you name some immutable Collections ? How to make an immutable collection ?

Core Java

Ans. string and wrapper class objects

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Q1176. What is a BlockingQueue ?

Core Java

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Q1177. Do we have sorted collection for List ?

Core Java

Ans. Not in java.util

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Q1178. Which Data structure can be used for creating Queue ?

Data Structure

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Q1179. How can we ensure thread safety in static method ?

Core Java

Ans. By using synchronized static method or synchronized block

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Q1180. Write a SQL to find max salary by Dept

SQL

Ans. SELECT MAX(SALARY),DEPT FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY DEPT

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Q1181. Can we have contracts like WSDL with Rest Services ?

Web Service

Ans. Yes, we can have WADL to specify the contract but unlike SOAP , the usage is optional.

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Q1182. In a Tree, find common ancestor of two nodes.

Data Structures

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Q1183. Do we have Integer constant pool of primitive int or Integer objects ?

Core Java

Ans. It's of Integer objects and not primitive int.

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Q1184. Is immutability an advantage with Wrapper classes over primitive types ?

Core Java

Ans. There is no concept of de referencing with primitive types and hence they are implicitly immutable. Having wrapper classes as mutable offers disadvantages compared to primitive types. Wrapper classes being immutable offer similar advantage as primitive types.It actually overshadows the disadvantage wrapper class could have if they are immutable.

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Q1185. What is the difference between uninitialized values for primitive types and Wrapper classes ?

Core Java

Ans. When we create reference for primitive type, it's memory is allocated. So even if we don't assign any value to it, the default value is initialized.

int x; // default value 0 initialized

But for object references, it's different as references hold nothing till an object is assigned.

Object obj; // contains null

So all primitive types when declared , contains their respective default values on the basis of their type whereas all wrapper class References contains null irrespective of their types.

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Q1186. Can we use primitive types with Collection classes ?

Core Java

Ans. No, As collection classes involve use of Generics, they cannot accept primitive types.

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Q1187. What are the benefits of using Wrapper classes over primitive types ?

Core Java

Ans. With Collection classes , we cannot use primitive types. Moreover for any class using generic types, we cannot use primitive types.

They add more functionality by means of additional methods.

As their reference can be null , they offer consistent check for uninitialized state.

They facilitate caching and reuse by means of constant Pools.

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Q1188. What do you do when told to do something that you don't agree with?

General

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Q1189. Write a Program to print fibonacci series using recursion.

Core Java

Ans. public class FibonacciUsingRecursion {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
      getNextFibanocci(1,1);
   }

   static int getNextFibanocci(int a,int b){
      if(a+b >= 100){
         return 0;
      } else {
         System.out.println(a+b);
         getNextFibanocci(b,a+b);
      }

      return 0;
   }
}

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Q1190. How do you use Mock frmaework to test webservices in any of your previous project ?

Testing

Ans. We were having client methods to call web services and were mocking the client method call using Mockito.

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Q1191. Design a Database Schema to store Employee Information with each employee having multiple addresses.

Database

Ans. We can have 2 entities i.e EMPLOYEE and ADDRESS and can have a relationship Table , EMPLOYEE_ADDRESS having one to may relationship between the two.

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Q1192. How do you keep yourself aupdated with the changes in technologies ?

General

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Q1193. If a team member send you the code for review which you don't agree to but is just slightly off , Would you approve it or reject it ?

General

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Q1194. Which components of AWS are you using in your project ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We are using EC2 and Lambda for computing, RDS for Database , S3 for Storage , SQS and Kinesis for streaming and queue and CloudWatch for monitoring.

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Q1195. Why can we have a static inner class but not a static Top level class in Java ?

Core Java

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Q1196. What is the difference between Singleton and Prototype Bean scope in Spring ?

Spring

Ans. Prototype scope - A new object is created each time it is injected/looked up. It will use new SomeClass() each time.

Singleton scope - It is the default scope. The same object is returned each time it is injected/looked up. Here it will instantiate one instance of SomeClass and then return it each time.

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Q1197. Why do we use Thread Class as well as Runnable Interface for creating threads in Java ?

Core Java

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Q1198. Why was Cassandra written in Java and not C++ ?

Cassandra

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Q1199. What could be the driving force to have dependencies injected through class than through config file while using IOC or Dependency Injection ?

Design

Ans. Unit Testing

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Q1200. Which of the following databases - Cassandra / Oracle - provides more flexibility about querying the database ?

Database

Ans. Oracle as it is not modeled for a particular query or set of queries.

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