Interview Questions and Answers for 'C' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers - Order By Rating

Q2521. What is classpath in a project?

Ans. ClassPath is the path where Java looks for class files to resolve the dependencies. For example - If you are using a class "xyz" in your code and have specified the respective import, Where should Java look for the definition of xyz. Java determines using the class path settings.

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Q2522. Why is a constant defined as a static final in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Final makes sure that the value doesn't change after initialization and static makes sure that there is only one copy that can be shared across objects.

Making it non static will unnecessarily create a different copy per object wherein the same value will kept for all copies ( as its final and cannot be changed ).

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced developers. Among the first few questions in many interviews.

Q2523. What are the difference between composition and inheritance in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Composition - has-a relationship between objects.
Inheritance - is-a relationship between classes.

Composition - Composing object holds a reference to composed objects and hence relationship is loosely bound.
Inheritance - Derived object carries the base class definition in itself and hence its tightly bound.

Composition - Used in Dependency Injection
Inheritance - Used in Runtime Polymorphism

Composition - Single class objects can be composed within multiple classes.
Inheritance - Single class can only inherit 1 Class.

Composition - Its the relationship between objects.
Inheritance - Its the relationship between classes.

Sample Code for inheritance

Sample Code for composition

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Q2524. What is the difference between public class and class ?

Core Java

Ans. Class without any access specifier has the default scope i.e it can be accessed by any class within same package.

Class declared public can be accessed from anywhere.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.

Q2525. Why do we write public static void main ? Can we use some other syntax too for main ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. public is the access modifier that makes the method accessible from anywhere, static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object, void means it doesn't return anything , String args[] is the array of argument that the method receives.

2. If we use main without the string args , it will compile correctly as Java will treat it as just another method. It wont be the method "main" which Java looks for when it looks to execute the class and hence will throw

Error: Main method not found in class , please define the main method as:
public static void main(String[] args)

3. Main is not a keyword but a special string that Java looks for while initiating the main thread.

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Q2526. Which version control (VC) or software configuration management (SCM) systems work with Merge?

Scm

Ans. You can use Tortoise SVN,which has Merge Utility embedded in it.

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Q2527. .Can you uninstall an older version of Merge before installing a newer version or build?

Ans. NA

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Q2528. What things you will look for if you get following exception while making DB call ?

table or view does not exist

Database

Ans. First will check if the table or view actually exist in the DB

If it does , Will make sure to see that the application has rights on the schema that holds the respective Table.

Will then make sure that we have prefixed the schema with the table name while accessing it.

Will then make sure that its not DB Cache that's causing it as the table DDL might have been created recently.

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Q2529. What's the benefit for specifying constraints like Not Null , Primary Key explicitly instead of specifying it against the column ?

Database

Ans. In case we specify them explicitly we can have control over constraint name as otherwise they will be system generated. It provides an ease in case we plan to drop the constraint in future.

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Q2530. How can we disable a constraint ?

Database

Ans. alter table
table_name
DISABLE constraint
constraint_name;

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Q2531. Can we have foreign key reference to a non primary key column ?

Database

Ans. Yes, but the respective key in the foreign table should be declared Unique.

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Q2532. What should be done for auto generating primary key id in a table ?

Database

Ans. We need to create a sequence.

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Q2533. Which constraint cannot be specified as an explicit constraint and should be specified with the column only ?

Database

Ans. NOT NULL

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Q2534. How can we see Dependencies for the project and where exactly they are defined ?

Maven

Ans. Using

mvn dependency:tree

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Q2535. What is a transitive dependency ? Can we override Transitive Dependency version and If Yes, how ?

Maven

Ans. Transitive dependency is the dependencies not defined directly in the current POM but the POM of the dependent projects.

Yes we can override transitive dependency version by specifying the dependency in the current POM.

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Q2536. What are the benefits of transitive depency in Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Transitive dependencies allows to avoid specifying the libraries that are required by the project which are specified in other dependent projects - Remote or Local.

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Usually asked to experienced developers.

Q2537. What is a cyclic dependency ?

Maven

Ans. A has dependency of B, B has dependency of C and C has dependency of A

With Maven 2 , came transitive dependency wherein in above scenario, C will acts as a dependency of A as if this dependency has been defined directly in A but the negative side is that if it leads to cyclic dependency , it creates problems.

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Q2538. Why every object constructor automatically call super() in Object before its own constructors?

Core Java

Ans. Derived object carries the body of its class as well as the body of the parent class. Its body ( member elements ) is initialized using its own class constructor whereas the body ( member elements ) carried from the parent class are initialized using super class constructor. So In order to initialize the elements of the parent class before its own elements are even initialized, super is called.

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Q2539. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q2540. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q2541. How is Abstraction implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction is provided in Java by following ways -

Coding to the ( Interfaces / Abstract Classes ) or contracts

By Encapsulating details within classes and exposing the minimal Door ( few public methods )

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Q2542. Give an Example for Builder Pattern ?

Core Java

Ans. String str = new StringBuilder().append("Buggy").append("Bread").toString();

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Q2543. What are some different logging levels for log4j ?

Log4j

Ans. DEBUG
ERROR
ALL
WARN
INFO
FATAL
OFF
TRACE
TRACE_INT
WARN

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Q2544. Is this Polymorphism ?

Map<String, List<String>> inventoryManagerCountMap = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>>();

Core Java

Ans. No. This will result in compilation error as Polymorphism cannot be performed on Object types.

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Q2545. How to know the structure of a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. DESC

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Q2546. How to know the constraints on a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. SELECT *
FROM user_constraints
WHERE table_name = ''

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Q2547. How to know the default column value of a Table in Oracle ?

Database

Ans. Select DATA_DEFAULT
from DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
where TABLE_NAME = '' and COLUMN_NAME='';

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Rarely asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q2548. Difference between DoubleSummaryStatistics , IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics ?

Core Java

Ans. They all does the same task i.e to compute statistical information on the stream of data. They differ by the way they store the statistical information as they expect a different data type of the values being used.

IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics expect non floating point values and hence stores the statistical information like min,max and sum as non floating values ( int or long ) whereas DoubleSummaryStatistics stores these information as floating value.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q2549. What is StringJoiner ?

Core Java

Ans. StringJoiner is a util method to construct a string with desired delimiter. This has been introduced with wef from Java 8.

Sample Code

StringJoiner strJoiner = new StringJoiner(".");

strJoiner.add("Buggy").add("Bread");

System.out.println(strJoiner); // prints Buggy.Bread

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q2550. What is the use of Optional ?

Core Java

Ans. Optional is a good way to protect application from runtime nullPointerException in case the the absent value has been represented as null. So basically Optional class provides the type checking during compile time and hence will never result in NPE.

For ex -

List> intList = new ArrayList>();
intList.add(Optional.empty());
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("abc")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("xyz")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("123")));
System.out.println(intList.get(0).getName());

So Now , even when the first list element is empty, this code will never throw an NullPointerException.

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