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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q721. What is the @FunctionalInterface annotation ?

Ans. This is an informative annotation that specify that the interface is a functional interface. A Function Interface has only one abstract method and many default methods. Compiler generates an error if the interface specified with the annotation doesn't abide by the specifications for functional interface.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q722. Difference between final and effectively final ? Why is effectively final even required ?

Core Java

Ans. Final variable means a variable that has been declared final and hence cannot be de referenced after initialization. Effective final means a variable that has not been declared final but haven't been reassigned the value after initialization.

First is the regulation that restricts the reassignment and will raise a compilation error if we try to do so. Second is the outcome without the restriction.

Effective Final is the eventual treatment of the variable that is required for many features. For eq - Java 8 requires that local variables referenced from a lambda expression must be final or effectively final.It means all local referenced from lambda expressions must be such that their value shouldn't be changed after initialization whether declared final or not.

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Very Frequently asked.

Q723. Explain throw, throws , try and catch in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced developers. Among the first few questions in many interviews.

Q724. What are the difference between composition and inheritance in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Composition - has-a relationship between objects.
Inheritance - is-a relationship between classes.

Composition - Composing object holds a reference to composed objects and hence relationship is loosely bound.
Inheritance - Derived object carries the base class definition in itself and hence its tightly bound.

Composition - Used in Dependency Injection
Inheritance - Used in Runtime Polymorphism

Composition - Single class objects can be composed within multiple classes.
Inheritance - Single class can only inherit 1 Class.

Composition - Its the relationship between objects.
Inheritance - Its the relationship between classes.

Sample Code for inheritance

Sample Code for composition

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.

Q725. Why do we write public static void main ? Can we use some other syntax too for main ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. public is the access modifier that makes the method accessible from anywhere, static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object, void means it doesn't return anything , String args[] is the array of argument that the method receives.

2. If we use main without the string args , it will compile correctly as Java will treat it as just another method. It wont be the method "main" which Java looks for when it looks to execute the class and hence will throw

Error: Main method not found in class , please define the main method as:
public static void main(String[] args)

3. Main is not a keyword but a special string that Java looks for while initiating the main thread.

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Q726. Which version control (VC) or software configuration management (SCM) systems work with Merge?

Scm

Ans. You can use Tortoise SVN,which has Merge Utility embedded in it.

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Q727. Which constraint cannot be specified as an explicit constraint and should be specified with the column only ?

Database

Ans. NOT NULL

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Q728. Will this code compile ?

public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test();
}

Core Java

Ans. No. It will give the compilation error saying "The abstract method test in type BuggyBread1 can only be defined by an abstract class".

We need to declare the class abstract for it to have any abstract method.

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Q729. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q730. How is Abstraction implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction is provided in Java by following ways -

Coding to the ( Interfaces / Abstract Classes ) or contracts

By Encapsulating details within classes and exposing the minimal Door ( few public methods )

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Rarely asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q731. Difference between DoubleSummaryStatistics , IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics ?

Core Java

Ans. They all does the same task i.e to compute statistical information on the stream of data. They differ by the way they store the statistical information as they expect a different data type of the values being used.

IntSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics expect non floating point values and hence stores the statistical information like min,max and sum as non floating values ( int or long ) whereas DoubleSummaryStatistics stores these information as floating value.

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Not frequently asked as it was introduced with Java 8.

Q732. What is the use of Optional ?

Core Java

Ans. Optional is a good way to protect application from runtime nullPointerException in case the the absent value has been represented as null. So basically Optional class provides the type checking during compile time and hence will never result in NPE.

For ex -

List> intList = new ArrayList>();
intList.add(Optional.empty());
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("abc")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("xyz")));
intList.add(Optional.of(new Employee("123")));
System.out.println(intList.get(0).getName());

So Now , even when the first list element is empty, this code will never throw an NullPointerException.

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Q733. What is ConcurrentLinkedDeque ?

Core Java

Ans. It's a Collections concrete class that provides implementation of a Double Ended queue that allows concurrent insertion, removal, and access operations that can be executed safely across multiple threads.

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Q734. What is CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Ans. Its a type of ArrayList in which all Write operations , i.e add and set are performed by creating a new copy. This array never changes during the lifetime of the iterator, so it never throws ConcurrentModificationException

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Q735. What are the advantages and disadvantages of CopyOnWriteArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. This collections class has been implemented in such a manner that it can never throw ConcurrentModificationException. As it performs update and write operations by creating a new copy of ArrayList, It's slower compared to ArrayList.

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Q736. Name few Concurrent Collection Classes ?

Ans. ConcurrentHashMap
ConcurrentLinkedDeque
ConcurrentLinkedQueue
ConcurrentMap
ConcurrentNavigableMap
ConcurrentSkipListMap
ConcurrentSkipListSet

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Q737. Name few Collections Map implementations ?

Ans. AbstractMap
ConcurrentHashMap
ConcurrentSkipListMap
EnumMap
HashMap
IdentityHashMap
LinkedHashMap
SystemFlavorMap
TreeMap
WeakHashMap

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Q738. What is ConcurrentModificationException ?

Core Java

Ans. This is the exception that is thrown when we try to modify the non concurrent collection class while iterating through it.

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Q739. What is ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException ?

Core Java

Ans. Exception thrown by the application is we try to access an element using an index which is not within the range of array i.e lower than 0 or greater than the size of the array.

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Q740. Name few Restriction Methods ?

Hibernate

Ans. eq, ge, gt , between, in , isNull, isEmpty, isNotnull, ne , like, lt , or , not

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Q741. In Hibernate, While defining Criteria, Have you ever faced any problem while adding restrictions with user defined types or Enums ?

Hibernate

Ans. Yes, with Enum as was getting an exception while doing equality check for enum field.

got it fixed by adding @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) to the field in entity.

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Q742. Which Software Development methodology is being used in your current Job ?

General

Ans. We are using Agile methodology. I attend daily stand up where the development leads takes the status of assigned stories, achievements, any bottlenecks or challenges. We follow iteration of 2 weeks.

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Q743. Difference between jar , war and ear ?

Java EE

Ans. Jar is Java Archieve i.e compressed Class or Class / Java files.

War comprises of compressed Servlet class files,JSP FIles,supporting files, GIF and HTML files.

Ear comprise of compressed Java and web module files ( was files ).

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Q744. Which version control system you are using in your current project ?

Tools

Ans. We are using SVN and Git Hub.

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Q745. What is the use of @GeneratedValue annotation in Hibernate?

Hibernate

Ans. This annotation is added to the auto increment column with the strategy to increment the column value. Usually this is added to the surrogate primary key column and specified with the Database Sequence.

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Q746. Name few interfaces that extends Collection Interface ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-interfaces-that.html

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Q747. Name few classes that extends Collections class ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-classes-that-inherit.html

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Q748. Name few abstract classes of Java collections framework ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-abstract-classes.html

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Q749. Name few classes that implement Set interface ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-classes-that-implement_78.html

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Q750. Name few classes that implement iterable interface ?

Ans. http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-classes-that-implement_45.html

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