Interview Questions and Answers for 'Apis' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers for 'Apis' - 57 question(s) found - Order By Newest

Very frequently asked. Among first few questions in almost all interviews. Among Top 5 frequently asked questions. Frequently asked in Indian service companies (HCL,TCS,Infosys,Capgemini etc based on multiple feedback ) and Epam Systems

Q1. Difference between == and .equals() ?

Core Java

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality, whereas "==" operator evaluate to see if the object handlers on the left and right are pointing to the same object in memory.

x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal. x==y means that the references x and y have same object.

Sample code:

String x = new String("str");
String y = new String("str");

System.out.println(x == y); // prints false
System.out.println(x.equals(y)); // prints true

Sample Code for equals

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Advanced level question. Frequently asked in High end product companies. Frequently asked in Google , Cognizant and Deloitte ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q2. Why is String immutable in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. String Pool - When a string is created and if it exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned instead of creating a new object. If string is not immutable, changing the string with one reference will lead to the wrong value for the other references.

Example -

String str1 = "String1";
String str2 = "String1"; // It doesn't create a new String and rather reuses the string literal from pool

// Now both str1 and str2 pointing to same string object in pool, changing str1 will change it for str2 too

2. To Cache its Hashcode - If string is not immutable, One can change its hashcode and hence it's not fit to be cached.

3. Security - String is widely used as parameter for many java classes, e.g. network connection, opening files, etc. Making it mutable might possess threats due to interception by the other code segment.

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Q3. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Frequently asked at Manhattan Associates ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q4. What is a Lambda Expression ? What's its use ?

Core Java

Ans. Its an anonymous method without any declaration.

Lambda Expression are useful to write shorthand Code and hence saves the effort of writing lengthy Code.

It promotes Developer productivity, Better Readable and Reliable code.

Sample Code for lambda

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Frequently asked question in companies using Hibernate.

Q5. What is Lazy Initialization in Hibernate ?

Hibernate

Ans. It's a feature to lazily initialize dependencies , relationship and associations from the Database. Any related references marked as @OneToMany or @ManyToMany are loaded lazily i.e when they are accessed and not when the parent is loaded.

Sample Code for Lazy Initialization

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Very Frequently asked. Have been asked in HCL Technologies very frequently ( based on 3 feedback ). Among first few questions in many interviews.

Q6. Differences between abstract class and interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).

A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.

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Very Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced. Favorite question in Walk in drives. Frequently asked in Indian Services companies.

Q7. Difference between Overloading and Overriding ?

Core Java

Ans. Overloading - Similar Signature but different definition , like function overloading.

Overriding - Overriding the Definition of base class in the derived class.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.

Q8. What is ACID ?

Database

Ans. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability is a set of properties of database transactions.

Atomicity means all or nothing. i.e parts of a transaction shouldn't commit if any one of them fails. Either the whole transaction should succeed or it should be complete rollback.

Consistency means that any transaction should lead database from one stabe state to another.

Isolation means that the execution of transaction results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially.

Durability means that when a transaction is committed it forms the permanent state of database.

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Very frequently asked in companies using SOA.

Q9. What are RESTful Web Services ?

Rest

Ans. REST or Representational State Transfer is a flexible architecture style for creating web services that recommends the following guidelines -

1. http for client server communication,
2. XML / JSON as formatiing language ,
3. Simple URI as address for the services and,
4. stateless communication.

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Q10. Can we have multiple main methods in a single class ?

Core Java

Ans. We can overload the main method by specifying different argument types. For example -

2 main methods with different arguments is perfectly legal

public static void main();
public static void main(String[] args);

The following are not legal as compiler will complain of duplicate methods

public static void main(String[] args);
public static void main(String[] args);

Even The following are not legal as we cannot overload on return types

public static String main(String[] args);
public static void main(String[] args);

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.

Q11. What is a Deadlock ?

Operating System

Ans. When two threads are waiting each other and cant precede the program is said to be deadlock.

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Q12. What is the use of Transient Keyword ?

Core Java

Ans. It in Java is used to indicate that a field should not be serialized.

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Q13. What is reflection ?

Ans. It is the process of examining / modifying the behaviour of an object at runtime.

Sample Code for reflection

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q14. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q15. What is an API ( Application Programming Interface ) ?

Ans. An API is a kind of technical contract which defines functionality that two parties must provide: a service provider (often called an implementation) and an application. an API simply defines services that a service provider (i.e., the implementation) makes available to applications.

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked with questions related to String. Frequently asked at CTS / Cognizant

Q16. What is an Immutable Object ?

Core Java

Ans. Object that can't be changed after instantiation.

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Q17. What is JAXP ?

Xml

Ans. Stands for Java API for XML Processing. This provides a common interface for creating and using SAX, DOM, and XSLT APIs in Java regardless of which vendorâ€™s implementation is actually being used.

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Q18. What is JAXB ?

Xml

Ans. Stands for Java API for XML Binding. This standard defines a mechanism for writing out Java objects as XML and for creating Java objects from XML structures.

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Q19. Write a method to check if input String is Palindrome?

Core Java

Ans. private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {

if (str == null)
return false;

StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(str);

strBuilder.reverse();

return strBuilder.toString().equals(str);

}

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Q20. How can we test methods individually which are not visible or declared private ?

Ans. We can either increase their visibility and mark them with annotation @VisibleForTesting or can use reflection to individually test those methods.

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Recently asked in Capital One.

Q21. What will happen if we call perform(null) ?

public void perform(Object obj) {
System.out.println("Object");
}

public void perform(Integer int) {
System.out.println("Integer");
}

Core Java

Ans. compiler will throws error as ambiguous methods

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Q22. What is database Normalization ?

Database

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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Q23. What is Amazon S3 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Amazon Simple Storage Service or S3 is object storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.

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Q24. Can you explain the integration between API Gateway and Lambda if we wish to develop services using these tools.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We can create API gateway and give the name of lambda function in order to be linked with lambda function, deploy the API and whenever request will be made from API it will directly be linked to lambda function to perform further process.

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Q25. What is marshalling ?

Xml

Ans. Its the process of creating XML structures out of Java Objects which is used to traverse information across the network.

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Q26. What is unmarshalling ?

Ans. Its the process of creating Java Objects out of XML structures.

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Q27. Difference between PATH and CLASSPATH ?

Operating System

Ans. PATH is the variable that holds the directories for the OS to look for executables. CLASSPATH is the variable that holds the directories for JVM to look for .class files ( Byte Code ).

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Very Frequently asked. Favorite question in walkins and telephonic interviews. Usually among first few questions. Asked in different variants. Must know for intermediate and expert professionals.Among Top 10 frequently asked questions.

Q28. What is rule regarding overriding equals and hashCode method ?

Core Java

Ans. A Class must override the hashCode method if its overriding the equals method.

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Q29. Is It Good to use Reflection in an application ? Why ?

Core Java

Ans. no, It's like challenging the design of application.

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Q30. Why is Reflection slower ?

Ans. Because it has to inspect the metadata in the bytecode instead of just using precompiled addresses and constants.

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