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Q2341. How to perform Maven Build and show Debug Information ?

Maven

Ans. Use -X option

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Very Frequently asked to Senior Software Engineers or Developers.

Q2342. Describe some of the Design Patterns you have used ?

Design

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q2343. Implement the following method ?

int findMax(int[] items)

Core Java

Ans. int findMax(int[] items){
   int maxNumber = 0;
   for(int x:items){
      if(x > maxNumber){
         maxNumber = x;
      }
   }

   return maxNumber;
}

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Q2344. How to specify the sequence in which sub modules needs to be built ?

Maven

Ans. By specifying the modules in the same sequence in the parent pom.

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Frequently asked Generic Question.

Q2345. Why do you want to work for our company ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

Usually answered stating your keen interest in the role offered and challenges and opportunities the role offers.

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Q2346. Difference between Static and Singleton Class ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. Static class is a class which cannot be instantiated and all its members are static whereas Singleton is the class that only permit creation of single object and then the object is reused.

2. As there is no object in Static class, it cannot participate in runtime Polymorphism.

3. As Static class doesnt allow creating objects and hence it cannot be serialized.

4. Static class body is initialized eagerly at application load time whereas Singleton object can be initiated eagerly using static blocks or lazily on first need.

5. Its not recommended to use pure static class as it fails to use many OOPs concepts.

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Q2347. Write a Program to check if 2 strings are Anagrams ?

Core Java

Ans. public void checkIfAnagram(String str1,String str2){
boolean anagram = true;
for(char c:str1.toCharArray()){
if(!str2.contains(String.valueOf(c))){
System.out.println("Strings are Anagrams");
anagram = false;
}

if(anagram == true){
System.out.println("Strings are not Anagrams");
}
}
}

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Q2348. Write a Program to add 1-100, 101-200, 201-300 in different threads and then sum the numbers ?

Core Java

Ans. public class TotalUsingThreads extends Thread{

   private static List<TotalUsingThreads> collector = new ArrayList<TotalUsingThreads>();

   private int startFrom = 0;

   private Integer threadTotal = null;

   Test(int startFrom){
      this.startFrom = startFrom;
   }


   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
      int totalSum = 0;

      // Create all the threads and set the count starting point for all of them
      for(int count=0;count<10;count++){
         TotalUsingThreads newThread = new TotalUsingThreads(count*100);
         newThread.start();
         collector.add(newThread);
      }

      boolean allCollected = false;


      // Make sure that all thread totals are collected and all threads have completed their tasks
      while(!allCollected){
         for(int count=0;count<10;count++){
            if(collector.get(count).threadTotal == null){
               Thread.sleep(100);
               break;
            }
         }
         allCollected = true;
      }

      // sum totals of all threads
      for(int count=0;count<10;count++){
         totalSum += collector.get(count).threadTotal;
      }

      System.out.println(totalSum);


   }

   public void run(){
      threadTotal = 0;
      for(int count=startFrom;count<startFrom+100;count++){
       threadTotal += count;
      }
   }
}

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Q2349. Can there be a Thread without a Process ?

Core Java

Ans. No.

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Q2350. How would you count the number of words in a string consisting of uneven number of spaces between words( not dictionary words)? With and without library functions.

Core Java

Ans. package com.string;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class String13 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Enter Sentence");
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String sentence=sc.nextLine();
String[] words=sentence.split(" ");
int count=0;
for (String string : words) {
string.trim();
if(!string.equals("")){
count++;
System.out.println(string " " count);
}
}
}
}

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Q2351. What is the most used Java Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Object class as its the parent class of all Java classes.

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Q2352. What are the advantages of using distributed database management system ?

Database

Ans. Reliability and Continuity if some of the sites goes down.Easy Scaling up and Down as sites can be added or removed without impacting business continuity.

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Q2353. Explain Agile Software Development Methodology ?

Process

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development

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Q2354. Have you ever had any conflict with the team member (like disagreement on some design decision ) and How you reacted to it ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

This is a very sensitive question and should be dealt with caution. Just simply saying that you never had any disagreement will present you as dumb team member. Showing your self as too aggressive in such decisions will present you as a trouble maker. You should present a situation where you had an argument / disagreement but eventually you and your team mates mutually found a way out of it.

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Q2355. How is String class unique ?

Core Java

Ans. String class is immutable as well as final. Because of these properties , String objects offer many benefits

1. String Pool - When a string is created and if it exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned instead of creating a new object. If string is not immutable, changing the string with one reference will lead to the wrong value for the other references.

Example -

String str1 = "String1";
String str2 = "String1"; // It doesnt create a new String and rather reuses the string literal from pool

// Now both str1 and str2 pointing to same string object in pool, changing str1 will change it for str2 too

2. To Cache its Hashcode - If string is not immutable, One can change its hashcode and hence its not fit to be cached.

3. Security - String is widely used as parameter for many java classes, e.g. network connection, opening files, etc. Making it mutable might possess threats due to interception by the other code segment.

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Q2356. Write an Algorithm for Graph Traversal ? The Graph has a loop.

Algorithm

Ans. Please not that all such questions can be easily answered through recursion.

Simple recursive implementation could be

traverse(root);

void traverse(Element element){
if(element.hasNext()){
traverse(element.next());
} else {
System.out.println(element);
}
}

but this algo / code lead to endless loop if there is a loop in graph traversal.

So you can keep a collection to keep track of which elements have laready been traversed

static List<Elements> listOfAlreadyTraversedElements = new ArrayList<Elements>();

main(){
traverse(root);
}

void traverse(Element element){
if(element.hasNext()){
traverse(element.next());
} else {
listOfAlreadyTraversedElements.add(element);
System.out.println(element);
}
}

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Q2357. Can we start the same thread twice ?

Core Java

Ans. No we cannot start the same thread twice. Each thread has a lifecycle.

But Yes, we can run the same code in parallel using different threads.

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Q2358. What is a shutdown hook ?

Core Java

Ans. Shutdown hook is a thread that is invoked implicitly by JVM just before the shut down. It is used to clean up unused resources.

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Q2359. How Java is different than C/C++ in terms of memory allocation and de-allocation ?

Core Java

Ans. Java provides a faster allocation mechanism but at the cost of expensive deallocation. Deallocation in java is done by mechanism called garbage collection that runs periodically to free up unclaimed memory space , which actually slows down the application. Hence Java is usually faster if memory is not of concern and sufficiently large memory can be allocated to an application.

C/C++ on other hand have equal cost of allocation and de-allocation.

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Q2360. What is a .classpath file in eclipse ?

Tool

Ans. .classpath specifies the source java and resource folders that are used by Builders to build.

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Q2361. What is the use of .project file in eclipse ?

Tool

Ans. .project is a project description file that helps plugins and eclipse understand about the project - organization of projects , their names, builders used by them etc.

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Q2362. What is meant by following error ?

Source folder is not on the Java build class path

Core Java

Ans. It means that the respective folder is not looked upon by Java to look for java or resource files and hence not being included as part of build.It needs to be added to Java Build Path.

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Q2363. Difference between Maven Project and Module ?

Maven

Ans. Maven Module has a Parent whereas Project doesnt. when we add the parent section to the pom file, it adds the module section to the parent project pom file. When we execute mvn compile / install, it basically checks that module section of the parent to identify all the modules that needs to be compiled first.

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Q2364. What is the POM packaging in Maven ?

Maven

Ans. pom packaging is simply a specification that states the primary artifact is not a war or jar, but the pom.xml itself.

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Q2365. How to specify the or/and combination restrictions within Criteria in Hibernate ?

Hibernate

Ans. session.createCriteria(Employee.class).add( Restrictions.or(Restrictions.like("name", "A%"),Restrictions.like("name", "B%"))).list();

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Q2366. Difference beween HashSet and TreeSet ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. HashSet doesnt maintain its elements in any specific order and is all random whereas TreeSet maintains elements in natural order 9 order defined by the equals method of TreeSet element type )

2. TreeSet doesnt allow null elements whereas HashMap does.

3. As TreeSet orders elements and is hence insertion is comparatively slower.

4. HashSet performs basic operations like add(), remove(), contains(), size() etc. in a constant size time. A TreeSet performs these operations at the order of log(n) time.

5. HashMap in Java internally backs a HashSet. A NavigableMap backs a TreeSet internally.

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Q2367. Does it make sense to have return statement at the end of method ?

Core Java

Ans. It make sense if its returning something. It doesnt make sense for void methods where return statement is not preceded by anything. In case of void methods , return as last statement has no impact and is actually a overhead.

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Q2368. What is the use of return statement without any argument ?

Core Java

Ans. Such return is only expected in methods that returns void. the purpose of having return in such a method is to return the flow out of method and return to the place where it was called. Its actually used to prematurely return the control from the method.

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Q2369. Difference between System.out.printf and System.out.println ?

Core Java

Ans. println prints an additional end of line whereas printf doesnt.

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Q2370. Explain System.out.println ?

Core Java

Ans. System is a class within java.lang package that contains several useful class fields and methods. It cannot be instantiated and hence can use only statically.even in this case this has been used statically i.e with class name itself and without creating an instance.

out is the static reference of Printstream declared as following in the System Class -

public final static PrintStream out = null;

println is the method of PrintStream class.

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