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Ans. An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network.
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Ans. We initialize two variables first and second to INT_MIN as,
first = second = INT_MIN
then Start traversing the array,
If the current element in array say arr[i] is greater
than first. Then update first and second as,
second = first
first = arr[i]
If the current element is in between first and second,
then update second to store the value of current variable as
second = arr[i]
then Return the value stored in second.
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Ans. Spring is a Framework where we have to Build the Configurations Manually but Springboot have default configurations that allow faster bootstrapping. Spring Framework requires a number of dependencies to create a web app. Spring Boot, on the other hand, can get an application working with just one dependency.
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Ans. Dynamic programming is as a problem solving approach in which problem is divided into simpler sub problems which are over lappping in nature and solved once. its results are stored into a suitable data structure and reused to solve bigger sub problems
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Ans. Document Oriented:
MongoDB stores the main subject in the minimal number of documents and not by breaking it up into multiple relational structures like RDBMS. For example, it stores all the information of a computer in a single document called Computer and not in distinct relational structures like CPU, RAM, Hard disk, etc.
Indexing: Without indexing, a database would have to scan every document of a collection to select those that match the query which would be inefficient. So, for efficient searching Indexing is a must and MongoDB uses it to process huge volumes of data in very less time.
Scalability: MongoDB scales horizontally using sharding (partitioning data across various servers). Data is partitioned into data chunks using the shard key, and these data chunks are evenly distributed across shards that resides across many physical servers. Also, new machines can be added to a running database.
Replication and High Availability: MongoDB increases the data availability with multiple copies of data on different servers. By providing redundancy, it protects the database from hardware failures. If one server goes down, the data can be retrieved easily from other active servers which also had the data stored on them.
Aggregation: Aggregation operations process data records and return the computed results. It is similar to the GROUPBY clause in SQL. A few aggregation expressions are sum, avg, min, max, etc
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Ans. A List is an child interface of collection interface in java where as Linked list is and implementation class of List interface which has doubly linked as a underlying data structure
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