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 Q71. Write a program to print two digit numbers that fulfil following criteria

Summing their digits and then multiplying with 3 should result in the number

For ex - 27 , (2+7) * 3 = 27


Core Java
Ans. public class BuggyBread {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      for(int x=10;x<100;x++){
         int tensDigit = x/10;
         int unitDigit = x%10;
         
         if((tensDigit+unitDigit)*3 == x){
            System.out.println(x);
         }
      }
   }
}

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve          Asked in 1 Companies


 Q72. Difference between Singleton and Factory Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. Both are creational design patterns but singleton facilitates in creation and reuse of single object whereas Factory deals with creation of multiple objects.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design pattern  singleton  factory  singleton vs factory     Asked in 4 Companies


 Q73. Design a Passport Office systemDesign
 This question was recently asked at 'Netcracker Technology'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q74. Name few creational design patterns ?Design
Ans. Factory,Abstract Factory,Singleton,Prototype and Builder

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design Pattrns  Creational Design Patterns      Intermediate


 Q75. Name few structural Design Patterns ?Design
Ans. Adapter,Bridge,Composite,Decorator,Facade,Flyweight,Proxy

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design Patterns  Structural Design Patterns      Intermediate


 Q76. Name few Behavioral Design Patterns ?Design
Ans. Interpreter,Chain of Responsibility,Command,Iterator,Observer,Mediator,Memento

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Behavioral Design Patterns      Intermediate


 Q77. Which is your favorite Design pattern, each in Creational , Structural and Behavioral and Why ?Design
Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design Patterns      Intermediate


 Q78. Is it a good Design practice to call methods from a constructor ?Design
Ans. Constructor's objective is to initialize member elements. If we don't deviate from that and don't have methods with logic in them, I don't see an issue with constructor's calling other methods assuming the methods are doing nothing but initialization. There are situations wherein we classify the member elements based on their type and hence having different initialization methods for different element types will give a better abstracted way to initialize them.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     design constructor


 Q79. Is it a good design practice to have programming constructs like if and loops in constructor ?Design
Ans. I would avoid that. If we need to initialize member elements differently on the basis of some condition, I would prefer having overloaded constructors. I don't see a need to have a loop for initializing member elements unless the count of elements is huge and they all need to be initialized with common value.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     design constructor  for loop


 Q80. Which are the most commonly used Design Patterns ?Design
Ans. Builder ( While Writing Unit Tests )
Prototype ( Cloning )
Adapter ( asList , toString )
Chain Of Responsibility ( Logging )
Singleton
Factory ( Action Mapping )
Proxy
Observer ( Event Listener )
MVC ( Web frameworks )
Filter ( Criteria )

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Design Patterns  widely used Design patterns      intermediate        frequent

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 Q81. What should be the intended sequence in which elements and methods should be declared in a class ?Design
Ans. static final variables
public variables ( though it should be avoided )
private variables
constructor
public methods
private methods.

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 Q82. Is it a good practice to override static methods ?Design
Ans. Though it's useful but it's not as useful as overriding member or object methods. We cannot achieve polymorphic behavior with static methods by overriding their definition in derived class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     override static methods


 Q83. How do you prefer to keep names for classes and interfaces ?Design
Ans. I like to keep the names in Capital Camel case. Moreover I prefer to keep the names for classes, enums and interfaces such that they are easily distinguishable just by the pattern of their names.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     naming convention


 Q84. How can we prevent duplicate object creation in Java?Design
 This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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 Q85. Create an object oriented design using classes and interfaces to show relationship in a Sport tournament ?Design
 This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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 Q86. What is "convention over configuration" ? Which framework uses this design paradigm ?Design
Ans. Convention over configuration is a way of software design used by frameworks that attempt to decrease the number of decisions that a developer is required to make without necessarily losing flexibility. The objective is to reduce the unnecessary configurations and follow conventions to accomplish that. For example - DB Entity and DB Table name conventionally should be same and hence shouldn't require configuring mapping between the two.

"Spring Boot" and "Ruby on Rails" have adopted this design principle.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Convention over configuration     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q87. Are there any disadvantages of "Convention over configuration" Design paradigm ?Design
Ans. Yes, It may result in some loss of flexibility as the application has to follow all conventions. Moreover it can contradict with other design paradigms or principles used in the application or framework.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Convention over configuration


 Q88. Can you give an example of "Convention over configuration" Design principle ?Design
Ans. Hibernate mapping configurations are used for mapping hibernate entities and corresponding DB Tables. Conventionally Entities and Table can share the same name and hence framework can provide implicit mapping instead of explicit mapping through configurations. Though it may result in little loss of flexibility in extreme cases but will work with all applications following the convention.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Convention over configuration


 Q89. Explain Interceptor Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. It is used for intercepting the request. It's primary use is to implement security policy. All or specific request types can be intercepted and hence forwarded to authentication / authorization module so as to facilitate authorized requests to application.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     interceptors  interceptor design pattern


 Q90. What are the disadvantages of Adapter Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. It introduces a layer of adaptations before it reaches the final and desired interface.

Moreover sometimes all requests are forwarded to adapter class. Some of such requests doesn't even require any sort of adaptions as they are qualified to call the final interface directly and introducing overheads.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Adapter Design Pattern  design pattern


 Q91. What could be the real world example of Adapter Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. Voltage converters / Power Adapters

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     Adapter Design Pattern  Design Pattern


 Q92. What are the trade offs between public constructor and static final method ?Core Java
Ans. Public constructor is simple and easy as it's the default way of object creation. So there are no additional coding overheads as compiler provides the default constructor if none is provided by coder.

With static final methods, it facilitates loose coupling by segregating the responsibility of object creation to a separate method. Validation can be done on the constructor arguments before calling it. Moreover if any adaption on the arguments is required that can achieved easily with factory method.On the flip side, there is coding overhead and additional method call.

  Sample Code for constructor

  Sample Code for factory

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     constructor  factory design pattern  factory method


 Q93. Design a Coffee machine using Oops concepts.Design
 This question was recently asked at 'ECI Telecom'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     design  design a coffee machine     Asked in 1 Companies


 Q94. Give an example of how Object Oriented Programming Concepts can be implemented.Design
Ans. You can implement encapsulation in Java by keeping the fields (class variables) private and providing public getter and setter methods to each of them. Java Beans are examples of fully encapsulated classes. Encapsulation in Java: Restricts direct access to data members (fields) of a class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     oops  oops example  oops concepts  oops features     Asked in 2 Companies      basic        frequent


 Q95. Design a class diagram for a farm.Design
 This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     class diagram   design


 Q96. What are the worst anti patterns in Java ?Design
 This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     antipattern  anti pattern


 Q97. How can we track of all objects created in an application ?Design
Ans. We can store the references in a collection by adding to those objects in the collection. We can create a class "ObjectRegistry" with a collection or multiple collections with a search algorithm to look for the already collected objects.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     objects


 Q98. Which of the OOP's features facilitate dependency injection ? Design
Ans. Inheritance , Runtime Polymorphism and Composition.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     dependency injection  inversion of control  ioc  oops  oops features


 Q99. Is dependency injection possible if we don't have inheritance / Composition ?Design
Ans. Without composition - No, as it's the core of dependency injection.

With Inheritance - Yes, through interface implementation.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     dependency injection  inversion of control  ioc


 Q100. How do you design microservices?Design
 This question was recently asked at 'Citigroup Bank,Sofi'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.


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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     microservices     Asked in 2 Companies


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