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 Q91. If arrays cannot be resized , Why is this code valid

String[] strArray = new String[2];
strArray = new String[5];
Core Java
Ans. We are not resizing the first array here but assigning the reference strArray to a new Array with size 5.

So after line 2, We have 2 arrays in memory, one with size 2 and other with size 5 with strArray referring to second array with size 5.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     arrays  array initialization


 Q92. Difference between Region , Availability zone and Edge Locations ?Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Ans. A Region is a Geographical entity like US-East , US-West etc. Each Region may have multiple availability zones where each zone comprise of 1 or more Data Center located with each other.

Edge Locations are the sites that hosts cached content for faster delivery and for saving network traffic as they feed content from sites that are local or near to consumption.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     aws region  aws availability zone  aws edge location  region vs availabillity zone


  Q93. What are the different types of inner classes ?Core Java
Ans. Simple Inner Class,
Local Inner Class,
Anonymous Inner Class,
Static Nested Inner Class.

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Frequently asked at HCL Technologies ( Based on 3 feedback )
  Q94. Difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions ?Core Java
Ans. Checked exceptions are the exceptions for which compiler throws an errors if they are not checked whereas unchecked exceptions are caught during run time only and hence can't be checked.

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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.
  Q95. What is a Final Variable ?Core Java
Ans. Final variable is a variable constant that cannot be changed after initialization.

  Sample Code for final variable

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     oops   java   final   final variable   basic interview question     Asked in 12 Companies      basic        frequent

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 Q96. When are static variables loaded in memory ?Core Java
Ans. They are loaded at runtime when the respective Class is loaded.

  Sample Code for static variable

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   static   static variable   memory      intermediate


 Q97. Can we serialize static variables ?Core Java
Ans. No. Only Object and its members are serialized. Static variables are shared variables and doesn't correspond to a specific object.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     serialization   java   oops   static   static variables     Asked in 1 Companies      intermediate        rare

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Usually asked only to fresh graduates.
 Q98. What is the difference between time slicing and preemptive scheduling ?Operating System
Ans. In preemptive scheduling, highest priority task continues execution till it enters a not running state or a higher priority task comes into existence. In time slicing, the task continues its execution for a predefined period of time and reenters the pool of ready tasks.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     operating system   scheduling   threads   multi threading        rare


 Q99. What one should take care of, while serializing the object?
Ans. One should make sure that all the included objects are also serializable. If any of the objects is not serializable then it throws a NotSerializable Exception.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     serialization   java   oops   object      expert


  Q100. Difference between Vector and ArrayList ?Core Java
Ans. Vectors are synchronized whereas Array lists are not.

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  Q101. What is the use of Transient Keyword ?Core Java
Ans. It in Java is used to indicate that a field should not be serialized.

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Very Frequently asked. Usually asked along with String Class related questions.
  Q102. What is an immutable class ?Core Java
Ans. Class using which only immutable (objects that cannot be changed after initialization) objects can be created.

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 Q103. Difference between object instantiation and construction ?Core Java
Ans. Though It's often confused with each other, Object Creation ( Instantiation ) and Initialization ( Construction ) are different things in Java. Construction follows object creation.

Object Creation is the process to create the object in memory and returning its handler. Java provides New keyword for object creation.

Initialization is the process of setting the initial / default values to the members. Constructor is used for this purpose. If we don't provide any constructor, Java provides one default implementation to set the default values according to the member data types.

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Very frequently asked in phone and walk in interviews.
  Q104. What are Marker Interfaces ? Name few Java marker interfaces ?Core Java
Ans. An interface without any method declaration is called as marker interface. there are 3 in-built interfaces in JVM i.e. serializable, clonable, remote

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.
  Q105. Difference between Process and Thread ?Operating System
Ans. Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution in a program.

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 Q106. Can we declare interface methods as private ?
Ans. With Java 9 we can declare interface methods as private

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   interfaces   yes-no   private


Very frequently asked. Usually difference between String,StringBuffer and StringBuilder is asked in different variations.
  Q107. Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder ?Core Java
Ans. StringBuffer is synchronized whereas StringBuilder is not.

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 Q108. Difference between Factory and Abstract Factory Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. Factory Pattern deals with creation of objects delegated to a separate factory class whereas Abstract Factory patterns works around a super-factory which creates other factories.

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 Q109. Difference between Factory and Builder Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. Builder pattern is the extension of Factory pattern wherein the Builder class builds a complex object in multiple steps.

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 Q110. Difference between Builder and Composite ?
Ans. Builder is a creational Design Pattern whereas Composite is a structural design pattern. Composite creates Parent - Child relations between your objects while Builder is used to create group of objects of predefined types.

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 Q111. Difference between Factory and Strategy Design Pattern ?Design
Ans. Factory is a creational design pattern whereas Strategy is behavioral design pattern. Factory revolves around the creation of object at runtime whereas Strategy or Policy revolves around the decision at runtime.

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 Q112. How can we create objects if we make the constructor private ?Core Java
Ans. We can do so through a static public member method or static block.

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  Q113. What is reflection ?
Ans. It is the process of examining / modifying the behaviour of an object at runtime.

  Sample Code for reflection

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 Q114. When do you get ClassCastException?

or

What is ClassCastException ?
Ans. As we only downcast class in the hierarchy, The ClassCastException is thrown to indicate that code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.

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 Q115. What are strong, soft, weak and phantom references in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Garbage Collector wont remove a strong reference.

A soft reference will only get removed if memory is low.

A weak reference will get removed on the next garbage collection cycle.

A phantom reference will be finalized but the memory will not be reclaimed. Can be useful when you want to be notified that an object is about to be collected.

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 Q116. Difference between the jsp scriptlet tag and jsp declaration tag?Java EE
Ans. The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare variables not methods whereas jsp declaration tag can declare variables as well as methods.

The declaration of scriptlet tag is placed inside the _jspService() method whereas The declaration of jsp declaration tag is placed outside the _jspService() method.

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 Q117. What is race condition ?Operating System
Ans. A source of possible errors in parallel programming, where one thread can cause an error in another thread by changing some aspect of the state of the program that the second thread is depending on (such as the value of variable).

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 Q118. What is Generalization and Specialization in terms of casting ?Core Java
Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.

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 Q119. Can we call the garbage collector explicitly ?Core Java
Ans. Yes, We can call garbage collector directly but it doesn't guarantees that the gc will start executing immediately. This gc( ) method appears in both Runtime and System classes of java.lang package.

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 Q120. Similarity and Difference between static block and static method ?Core Java
Ans. Both belong to the class as a whole and not to the individual objects. Static methods are explicitly called for execution whereas Static block gets executed when the Class gets loaded by the JVM.

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