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Q241. How Java 9 would help resolve NoClassDefFoundError through it's modularity ?

Ans. Java 9 would provide an error at compile time if there are different modules with the same package mapped to the same class loader and hence would provide a compile time check for this issue.

NoClassDefFoundError exists because of ambiguity at realtime because of multiple versions of same package / class exist. As Java 9 would provide a compile time check for it through clearly defined dependencies and exports and a check on duplicate packages being loaded by single class loader, it will fix the problem.

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Q242. Differences between class not found exception and noclassdef found error ?

Ans. ClassNotFoundException is an exception that occurs when we try to load a class at run time using Class.forName() or loadClass() methods and mentioned classes are not found in the classpath.

NoClassDefFoundError is an error that occurs when a particular class is present at compile time, but was missing at run time.

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Q243. serialization and deserialization of singleton class

Ans. The problem with serialized singleton class is that whenever we deserialize it, it will create a new instance of the class. To overcome this scenario all we need to do is to provide the implementation of readResolve() method.

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Q244. What is the cost of using Cloud Formation ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Cloud Formation does not have any additional cost but you are charged for the underlying resources it builds.

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Q245. How does AWS Lambda handle failure during event processing?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. In AWS Lambda we can run a function in synchronous or asynchronous mode. In synchronous mode, if AWS Lambda function fails, then it will just give an exception to the calling application. In asynchronous mode, if AWS Lambda function fails then it will retry the same function at least 3 times.If AWS Lambda is running in response to an event in Amazon DynamoDB or Amazon Kinesis, then the event will be retried till the Lambda function succeeds or the data expires. In DynamoDB or Kinesis, AWS maintains data for at least 24 hours.

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Q246. What does AMI include ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. A template for the instance.

Launch permission decisions

A block device mapping, when an instance is launched it determines the volumes to attach to that instances.

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Q247. Why is cloud infrastructure so powerful ?

Cloud Computing

Ans. Because it gives the ability to provision infrastructure on Demand with No contracts and strings attached.

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Q248. Which region is the latest and most popular in AWS ? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this region ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. US-East Virginia

This is the oldest and most popular region. All new features are rolled first in this region and hence they are first available there. The downside is that because of experimentation with new services, unavailability time is quite high.

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Q249. What are the advantage of having Edge Locations ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. It saves Network traffic and facilitates faster delivery by hosting bulk media and cached data near to client.

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Q250. What does effect , action and resource means with respect to AWS IAM policy ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. effect means whether the effect of this Policy is to allow or deny, action means the type of action ( read , write ) and service, and resource is the resource where this should apply.

For example - If we want to have a Policy of providing read access on S3 ,
effect will be "allow"
action will be "s3:GetObject"
resource will be "arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*"

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Q251. Within AWS S3, Why new files are available immediately for read operation but not the updates ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Because new files will be fed from where ever they are first available but AWS have no way to identify which is the most updated version among the various regions. The updated version can only be assured once the replication to all availability zones is complete.

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Q252. What kind of Access Policy should be kept on S3 Buckets and Policy ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We should only allow access that's needed. So the security Policy should be as restrictive as possible.

Buckets and Files should never be made public unless until they are needed it to be like that.

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Q253. How can we protect from accidental deletes in S3 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Versioning ( will create Delete marker )
MFA Delete ( authentication upon deletion )
Cross Region Replication ( Replicates aren't deleted )

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Q254. How can we restrict CloudFront access to a particular Geography ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We can select the appropriate Price Class if that suits us.

We can do Geo Targeting by black listing / white listing certain geographies.

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Q255. What is the use case for "On Demand" EC2 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. If the computation required is Spiky and unpredictable.

If it's first time use.

If the lifespan of the application isn't known.

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Q256. What is the use case for "Spot" EC2 plan ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. If the usage is non continuous and have flexible start and End Time. For ex - Analysis , Research , mining etc.

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Q257. What are the different price options available for EC2 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. On Demand
Reserved
Spot
Dedicated Host

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Q258. What EC2 configuration would you use if you have to use it for Bitcoin mining ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Keeping Low cost for processing , i would choose

Spot Price Plan
F1 or P3 Instance Type
Cold Hdd (SCI ) EBS Volume

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Q259. Which AWS services would you use if you have find a cheapest solution for an analytics application ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Computation

Spot Price Plan
F1 or P3 Instance Type
Cold Hdd (SCI ) EBS Volume

Storage

S3-IA

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Q260. Can a EC2 instance have multiple Security Groups ? Can a single security group be assigned to multiple Ec2 instances ? If either of them is true , doesn't it result in conflict ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. We can assign multiple security groups to single instance and we can use single security group with multiple instances.

It never results in conflict as security groups only have allow rules and no deny rules. Multiple security groups for an instance results in union of all rules.

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Q261. Can we deny access for particular IP using Security Groups ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. No, We can do that through ACL

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Q262. Difference between S3 and EFS ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. S3 is object based whereas EFS is block based.

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Q263. There is a server which is 90% full, I need to increase the space. How can I do it ?

Ans. Firstly ,we have removed old backup data from server after that we are checking which user consume high memory through df command.

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Q264. What is an object's lock and which object's have locks?

Ans. An object's lock is a mechanism that is used by multiple threads to obtain synchronized access to the object. A thread may execute a synchronized method of an object only after it has acquired the object's lock. All objects and classes have locks. A class's lock is acquired on the class's Class object.

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Q265. What is JSON ?

Ans. JSON is "JavaScript Object Notation", primarily used for client-server or server-server communication. Its a much lighter and readable alternative to XML. JSON is language independent and is easily parse-able in all programming languages.

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Q266. Which data types are supported by JSON ?

Ans. Number
String
Boolean
Array
Object
null

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Q267. What is an API ( Application Programming Interface ) ?

Ans. An API is a kind of technical contract which defines functionality that two parties must provide: a service provider (often called an implementation) and an application. an API simply defines services that a service provider (i.e., the implementation) makes available to applications.

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Q268. What is URL?

Ans. URL is Uniform Resource Locator which is representation of HTTP address.

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Q269. What is HTTP ?

Ans. HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol is internet protocol for tranmission of hypertext ( text with meta data ) over internet.

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Q270. Is tomcat an application or Web server ?

Ans. Tomcat is a web server and a Servlet container. It is often used as an application server for web-based applications but does not include the complete suite of capabilities that a Java EE application server would supply.

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