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Interview Questions and Answers - Order By Rating

   
  Q61. what is the difference between collections class vs collections interface ?Core Java
Ans. Collections class is a utility class having static methods for doing operations on objects of classes which implement the Collection interface. For example, Collections has methods for finding the max element in a Collection.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   collections class   collection interface   basic interview question     Asked in 6 Companies      basic        frequent
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Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies. Frequently asked in HCL Technologies, TCS and Accenture.
  Q62. What is the difference between final, finally and finalize() ?Core Java
Ans. final - constant variable, objects cannot be de-referenced, restricting method overriding, restricting class sub classing.

finally - handles exception. The finally block is optional and provides a mechanism to clean up regardless of what happens within the try block. Use the finally block to close files or to release other system resources like database connections, statements etc.

finalize() - method helps in garbage collection. A method that is invoked before an object is discarded by the garbage collector, allowing it to clean up its state.

  Sample Code for final

  Sample Code for finally

  Sample Code for finalize

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   final   finally   finalize   final vs finally vs finalize     Asked in 61 Companies      basic        frequent
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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.
 Q63. Explain Thread States ?Operating System
Ans. Runnable - waiting for its turn to be picked for execution by the thread schedular based on thread priorities.

Running - The processor is actively executing the thread code. It runs until it becomes blocked, or voluntarily gives up its turn.

Waiting: A thread is in a blocked state while it waits for some external processing such as file I/O to finish.

Sleeping - Java threads are forcibly put to sleep (suspended) with Thread.sleep. they can resume using Thread.resume method.

Blocked on I/O - Will move to runnable after I/O condition like reading bytes of data etc changes.

Blocked on synchronization - Will move to Runnable when a lock is acquired.

Dead - The thread is finished working.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   threads   multi threading   scheduling   thread states   basic interview question     Asked in 1 Companies      basic        frequent
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Frequently asked in CTS ( Based on 2 feedback )
  Q64. What is the difference between comparable and comparator in java.util pkg?Core Java
Ans. Comparable interface is used for single sequence sorting i.e.sorting the objects based on single data member where as comparator interface is used to sort the object based on multiple data members.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   java.util   comparable   comparator   collections     Asked in 23 Companies      basic        frequent

Recently asked in TCS , Tech Mahindra, HCL , Accenture and Fidelity.
  Q65. Explain Flow of Spring MVC ?Spring
Ans. The DispatcherServlet configured in web.xml file receives the request.

The DispatcherServlet finds the appropriate Controller with the help of HandlerMapping and then invokes associated Controller.

Then the Controller executes the logic business logic and then returns ModeAndView object to the DispatcherServlet.

The DispatcherServlet determines the view from the ModelAndView object.

Then the DispatcherServlet passes the model object to the View.

The View is rendered and the Dispatcher Servlet sends the output to the Servlet container.

Finally Servlet Container sends the result back to the user.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     j2ee   spring   mvc   frameworks   web applications   architecture     Asked in 11 Companies      Basic        frequent

 Q66. What is PermGen or Permanent Generation ?Core Java
Ans. The memory pool containing all the reflective data of the java virtual machine itself, such as class and method objects. With Java VMs that use class data sharing, this generation is divided into read-only and read-write areas. The Permanent generation contains metadata required by the JVM to describe the classes and methods used in the application. The permanent generation is populated by the JVM at runtime based on classes in use by the application. In addition, Java SE library classes and methods may be stored here.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   jvm   memory management   permgen   permanent generation   advanced   architecture     Asked in 9 Companies      expert

 Q67. Explain Method Local Inner Classes ?Core Java
Ans. You can create a non-static local class inside a body of code. Interfaces cannot have local classes, and you cannot create local interfaces.

Local classes are accessible only from the body of the code in which the class is defined. The local classes are completely inaccessible outside the body of the code in which the class is defined.

You can extend a class or implement interfaces while defining a local class.

A local class can access all the variables available in the body of the code in which it is defined. You can pass only final variables to a local inner class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   inner classes   local classes   classes   method local inner classes     Asked in 1 Companies

 Q68. What is connection pooling?Database
Ans. It's a technique to allow multiple clients to make use of a cached set of shared and reusable connection objects providing access to a database or other resource.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   jdbc   db connectivity   connection pooling   architecture     Asked in 3 Companies      basic        frequent

  Q69. What is the use of HashCode in objects ?Core Java
Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   string   hashcode   hash code   string comparison  hashtable     Asked in 17 Companies      basic        frequent

Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.
  Q70. Difference between Composition and Inheritance ?Core Java
Ans. Inheritance means a object inheriting reusable properties of the base class. Compositions means that an abject holds other objects.

In Inheritance there is only one object in memory ( derived object ) whereas in Composition , parent object holds references of all composed objects.

From Design perspective - Inheritance is "is a" relationship among objects whereas Composition is "has a" relationship among objects.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   oops   oops concepts   inheritance  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   composition  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   difference between   basic interview question     Asked in 12 Companies      basic        frequent
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Very frequently asked in companies using SOA.
  Q71. What are RESTful Web Services ?Rest
Ans. REST or Representational State Transfer is a flexible architecture style for creating web services that recommends the following guidelines -

1. http for client server communication,
2. XML / JSON as formatiing language ,
3. Simple URI as address for the services and,
4. stateless communication.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   web services   rest   java   j2ee  architecture     Asked in 14 Companies      intermediate        frequent

Very Frequently asked. Favorite question in walkins and telephonic interviews. Usually among first few questions. Asked in different variants. Must know for intermediate and expert professionals.Among Top 10 frequently asked questions.
  Q72. What is rule regarding overriding equals and hashCode method ?Core Java
Ans. A Class must override the hashCode method if its overriding the equals method.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   hashcode  hash code   equals   collections     Asked in 44 Companies      intermediate        frequent
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  Q73. Can we have null keys in TreeMap ?Core Java
Ans. No, results in exception.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   treemap     Asked in 6 Companies      Basic        frequent

 Q74. What is a ConcurrentHashMap ?Core Java
Ans. ConcurrentHashMap is a hashMap that allows concurrent modifications from multiple threads as there can be multiple locks on the same hashmap.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   hashmap   map   concurrenthashmap   concurrenthashmap  concurrency   general electric   ge     Asked in 32 Companies        rare

Frequently asked question in companies using hibernate.
  Q75. Difference between first level and second level cache in hibernate ?Hibernate
Ans. 1. First level cache is enabled by default whereas Second level cache needs to be enabled explicitly.

2. First level Cache came with Hibernate 1.0 whereas Second level cache came with Hibernate 3.0.

3. First level Cache is Session specific whereas Second level cache is shared by sessions that is why First level cache is considered local and second level cache is considered global.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   orm   hibernate cache   architecture   technical lead   first level cache vs second level cache     Asked in 18 Companies      Intermediate        frequent

 Q76. What are the contents of Hibernate configuration file ( hibernate.cfg.xml ) ?Hibernate
Ans. HBM Files ( Mapping )
DB Connection ( DB Connection String , User Name , Password , Pool Size )
SQL Dialect ( SQL variant to be generated )
Show SQL ( Show / No show SQL on Console )
Auto Commit ( True / False )

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     hibernate   configuration   barclays     Asked in 11 Companies

Very frequently asked. Favorite question in Walk in Drive of many Indian service companies.
  Q77. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?Core Java
Ans. Underlying data structure for ArrayList is Array whereas LinkedList is the linked list and hence have following differences -

1. ArrayList needs continuous memory locations and hence need to be moved to a bigger space if new elements are to be added to a filled array which is not required for LinkedList.

2. Removal and Insertion at specific place in ArrayList requires moving all elements and hence leads to O(n) insertions and removal whereas its constant O(1) for LinkedList.

3. Random access using index in ArrayList is faster than LinkedList which requires traversing the complete list through references.

4. Though Linear Search takes Similar Time for both, Binary Search using LinkedList requires creating new Model called Binary Search Tree which is slower but offers constant time insertion and deletion.

5. For a set of integers you want to sort using quicksort, it's probably faster to use an array; for a set of large structures you want to sort using selection sort, a linked list will be faster.

  Sample Code for ArrayList

  Sample Code for LinkedList

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     collections   java   data structures   arraylist   linkedlist   arraylist vs linkedlist     Asked in 61 Companies      Basic        frequent
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Frequently asked these days as there are major changes in Java 8.
  Q78. What are new features introduced with Java 8 ?Core Java
Ans. Lambda Expressions , Interface Default and Static Methods , Method Reference , Parameters Name , Optional , Streams, Concurrency.

  Sample Code for Lambda

  Sample Code for interface default

  Sample Code for Optional

  Sample Code for Streams

  Sample Code for java.time

  Sample Code for Predicate

  Sample Code for Consumer

  Sample Code for MapMerge

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   java8   technical lead   technical architect     Asked in 14 Companies      expert        frequent

 Q79. Does java allow implementation of multiple interfaces having Default methods with Same name and Signature ?Core Java
Ans. No. Compilation error.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   java8   default method   yes-no     Asked in 1 Companies      intermediate

Very Frequently asked.
 Q80. Explain throw, throws , try and catch in Java ?Core Java
Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   exception handling   throw   throws   try   catch     Asked in 5 Companies      basic        frequent

Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.
 Q81. Why do we write public static void main ? Can we use some other syntax too for main ?Core Java
Ans. 1. public is the access modifier that makes the method accessible from anywhere, static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object, void means it doesn't return anything , String args[] is the array of argument that the method receives.

2. If we use main without the string args , it will compile correctly as Java will treat it as just another method. It wont be the method "main" which Java looks for when it looks to execute the class and hence will throw

Error: Main method not found in class , please define the main method as:
public static void main(String[] args)

3. Main is not a keyword but a special string that Java looks for while initiating the main thread.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   main method     Asked in 4 Companies      basic        frequent
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 Q82. What are the advantages and disadvantages of CopyOnWriteArrayList ?Core Java
Ans. This collections class has been implemented in such a manner that it can never throw ConcurrentModificationException. As it performs update and write operations by creating a new copy of ArrayList, It's slower compared to ArrayList.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   collections   list   arraylist   copyonwritearraylist   advantages-disadvantages   ConcurrentModificationException     Asked in 4 Companies      Expert

Frequently asked in Tata Consultancy (TCS) interview ( Based on 2 Feedback )
 Q83. What are the technologies used in Jira ?Tools
Ans. JIRA is written in Java and uses the Pico IOC container,Apache OFBiz entity engine, and WebWork technology stack. For remote procedure calls (RPC), JIRA supports REST, SOAP, and XML RPC.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   jira   issue management   defect management     Asked in 5 Companies      expert

Very Frequently asked. Have been asked in HCL Technologies very frequently ( based on 3 feedback ). Among first few questions in many interviews.
  Q84. Differences between abstract class and interface ?Core Java
Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).

A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     java   classes   abstract class   interfaces   abstract class vs interface   abstract classes vs interfaces     Asked in 82 Companies      basic        frequent

Almost sure to be asked in every company using any Dependency Injection framework ( Spring, Guice etc )
  Q85. What is Dependency Injection or IOC ( Inversion of Control ) ?Design
Ans. It is a Design Pattern that facilitates loose coupling by sending the dependency information ( object references of dependent object ) while building the state of the object. Objects are designed in a manner where they receive instances of the objects from other pieces of code, instead of constructing them internally and hence provide better flexibility.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     design patterns   ioc ( Inversion of Control )  dependency injection     Asked in 83 Companies      intermediate        frequent

Must know at all levels. Among Top 10 frequently asked questions in Java. Very frequently asked to fresh graduates or less experienced professionals.
  Q86. What is Inheritance ?Core Java
Ans. Its a facility for code reuse and independent extension wherein a derived class inherits the properties of parent class.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     inheritance  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts  oops concepts  java concepts  code reuse  code re-use   classes  derived classes     Asked in 14 Companies      basic        frequent

 Q87. How is static and dynamic polymorphism achieved in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Static polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at compile time and is achieved through function overloading whereas dynamic polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at runtime and is achieved through method overriding.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     static polymorphism  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   dynamic polymorphism  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   polymorphism  object oriented programming (oops)  oops concepts   overloading   overriding   broadridg     Asked in 1 Companies      basic        frequent

  Q88. What is a Destructor ? Do we have Destructors in Java ?Core Java
Ans. Destructor is used to de-allocate memory allocated by objects.

There are no destructors in Java. Alternatively, Java provides Automatic garbage collection i.e automatically releasing the un-referenced memory.

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   Like         Discuss         Correct / Improve     destructor  garbage collection     Asked in 11 Companies      Basic        frequent
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