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Interview Questions and Answers - Order By Rating

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Recently asked in TCS , Tech Mahindra, HCL , Accenture and Fidelity.
  Q211. Explain Flow of Spring MVC ?Spring
Ans. The DispatcherServlet configured in web.xml file receives the request.

The DispatcherServlet finds the appropriate Controller with the help of HandlerMapping and then invokes associated Controller.

Then the Controller executes the logic business logic and then returns ModeAndView object to the DispatcherServlet.

The DispatcherServlet determines the view from the ModelAndView object.

Then the DispatcherServlet passes the model object to the View.

The View is rendered and the Dispatcher Servlet sends the output to the Servlet container.

Finally Servlet Container sends the result back to the user.

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Very Frequently asked Spring question.
  Q212. What is bean auto wiring?Spring
Ans. The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between collaborating beans. This means that it is possible to automatically let Spring resolve collaborators (other beans) for your bean by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory without using and elements.

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Very frequently asked.Usually among first few questions.
  Q213. What is MVC ? Design
Ans. MVC is a Design Pattern that facilititates loose coupling by segregating responsibilities in a Web application

1. Controller receives the requests and handles overall control of the request
2. Model holds majority of the Business logic, and
3. View comprise of the view objects and GUI component

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 Q214. Explain Inner Classes ?Core Java
Ans. The accessibility (public, protected, etc.) of the inner class is defined by the outer class.

Just like top-level classes, an inner class can extend a class or can implement interfaces.

Similarly, an inner class can be extended by other classes, and an inner interface can be implemented or extended by other classes or interfaces.

An inner class can be declared final or abstract.Inner classes can have inner classes, but you will have a hard time reading or understanding such complex nesting of classes.

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 Q215. When you will synchronize a piece of your code?
Ans. When you expect your code will be accessed by different threads and these threads may change a particular data causing data corruption.

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 Q216. What is connection pooling?Database
Ans. It's a technique to allow multiple clients to make use of a cached set of shared and reusable connection objects providing access to a database or other resource.

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  Q217. Advantage of Collection classes over Arrays ?Core Java
Ans. Collections are re-sizable in nature. We can increase or decrease the size as per recruitment.
Collections can hold both homogeneous and heterogeneous data's.
Every collection follows some standard data structures.
Collection provides many useful built in methods for traversing,sorting and search.

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 Q218. Difference between throw and throws ?Core Java
Ans. throw is used to explicitly throw an exception especially custom exceptions, whereas throws is used to declare that the method can throw an exception.

We cannot throw multiple exceptions using throw statement but we can declare that a method can throw multiple exceptions using throws and comma separator.

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 Q219. Similarity and Difference between static block and static method ?Core Java
Ans. Both belong to the class as a whole and not to the individual objects. Static methods are explicitly called for execution whereas Static block gets executed when the Class gets loaded by the JVM.

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 Q220. What is an Object ?Core Java
Ans. Object is a run time entity whose state is stored in fields and behavior is shown via methods. Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication.

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 Q221. What is a Class ?Core Java
Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.

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  Q222. What is Comparable Interface?Core Java
Ans. It is used to sort collections and arrays of objects using the collections.sort() and java.utils. The objects of the class implementing the Comparable interface can be ordered.

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 Q223. What are use cases?Process
Ans. It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a situation that a program might encounter and what behavior the program should exhibit in that circumstance.

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 Q224. What is the difference between a break statement and a continue statement?Core Java
Ans. Break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and return control to the loop statement.

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 Q225. What are the features of encapsulation ?Core Java
Ans. Combine the data of our application and its manipulation at one place.

Encapsulation Allow the state of an object to be accessed and modified through behaviors.

Reduce the coupling of modules and increase the cohesion inside them.

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 Q226. What are different ways to create String Object? Explain.Core Java
Ans. There are total six ways

1. literals

When we create a String using double quotes, JVM looks in the String pool to find if any other String is stored with same value. If found, it just returns the reference to that String object else it creates a new String object with given value and stores it in the String pool.

2. new keyword

When we use new operator, JVM creates the String object but dont store it into the String Pool. We can use intern() method to store the String object into String pool or return the reference if there is already a String with equal value present in the pool.

3. string buffer
4. string builder
5. System.out.println
6. char to string




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  Q227. Write a method to check if input String is Palindrome?Core Java
Ans. private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {

if (str == null)
return false;

StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(str);

strBuilder.reverse();

return strBuilder.toString().equals(str);

}

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 Q228. Why String is popular HashMap key in Java?Core Java
Ans. Since String is immutable, its hashcode is cached at the time of creation and it doesnt need to be calculated again. This makes it a great candidate for key in a Map and its processing is fast than other HashMap key objects. This is why String is mostly used Object as HashMap keys.

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  Q229. What is the use of HashCode in objects ?Core Java
Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc.

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates and less experienced.
  Q230. Difference between Composition and Inheritance ?Core Java
Ans. Inheritance means a object inheriting reusable properties of the base class. Compositions means that an abject holds other objects.

In Inheritance there is only one object in memory ( derived object ) whereas in Composition , parent object holds references of all composed objects.

From Design perspective - Inheritance is "is a" relationship among objects whereas Composition is "has a" relationship among objects.

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Very frequently asked in HCL Tech ( Based of 4 inputs )
  Q231. Write a program to reverse a string iteratively and recursively ?Core Java
Ans. Using String method -

new StringBuffer(str).reverse().toString();

Iterative -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(str.length);
for(int counter=str.length -1 ; counter>=0;counter--){
strBuffer.append(str.charAt(counter));
}
return strBuffer;
}

Recursive -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
if(str.length <= 1){
return str;
}
return (getReverseString(str.subString(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}

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 Q232. What will be the output of the following code ?

String s1 = "Buggy Bread";
String s2 = "Buggy Bread";
if(s1 == s2)
   System.out.println("equal 1");
String n1 = new String("Buggy Bread");
String n2 = new String("Buggy Bread");
if(n1 == n2)
   System.out.println("equal 2");		Core Java
Ans. equal 1

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 Q233. How to find whether a given integer is odd or even without use of modulus operator in java?Core Java
Ans. public static void main(String ar[])
{
int n=5;
if((n/2)*2==n)
{
System.out.println("Even Number ");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Odd Number ");
}
}

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 Q234. Difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?
Ans. LinkedList and ArrayList are two different implementations of the List interface. LinkedList implements it with a doubly-linked list. ArrayList implements it with a dynamically resizing array.

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Frequently asked.
 Q235. If you are given a choice to use either ArrayList and LinkedList, Which one would you use and Why ?Core Java
Ans. ArrayList are implemented in memory as arrays and hence allows fast retrieval through indices but are costly if new elements are to be inserted in between other elements. LinkedList allows for constant-time insertions or removals using iterators, but only sequential access of elements

1. Retrieval - If Elements are to be retrieved sequentially only, Linked List is preferred.

2. Insertion - If new Elements are to be inserted in between other elements , Linked List is preferred.

3. Search - Binary Search and other optimized way of searching is not possible on Linked List.

4. Sorting - Initial sorting could be pain but lateral addition of elements in a sorted list is good with linked list.

5. Adding Elements - If sufficiently large elements needs to be added very frequently ,Linked List is preferable as elements don't need consecutive memory location.

  Sample Code for ArrayList

  Sample Code for LinkedList

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Advanced level question frequently asked in US based companies. Recently asked in EMC and Intuit.
  Q236. Can you provide some implementation of a Dictionary having large number of words ? Solution
Ans. Simplest implementation we can have is a List wherein we can place ordered words and hence can perform Binary Search.

Other implementation with better search performance is to use HashMap with key as first character of the word and value as a LinkedList.

Further level up, we can have linked Hashmaps like ,

hashmap {
a ( key ) -> hashmap (key-aa , value (hashmap(key-aaa,value)
b ( key ) -> hashmap (key-ba , value (hashmap(key-baa,value)
....................................................................................
z( key ) -> hashmap (key-za , value (hashmap(key-zaa,value)
}

upto n levels ( where n is the average size of the word in dictionary.

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 Q237. What will be the output of following Code ?

class BuggyBread {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String s2 = "I am unique!";
      String s5 = "I am unique!";

      System.out.println(s2 == s5);
   }
}		Core Java
Ans. true, due to String Pool, both will point to a same String object.

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Very frequently asked in companies using SOA.
  Q238. What are RESTful Web Services ?Rest
Ans. REST or Representational State Transfer is a flexible architecture style for creating web services that recommends the following guidelines -

1. http for client server communication,
2. XML / JSON as formatiing language ,
3. Simple URI as address for the services and,
4. stateless communication.

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 Q239. Which markup languages can be used in restful web services ? Rest
Ans. XML and JSON ( Javascript Object Notation ).

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 Q240. Difference between Inner and Outer Join ?Database
Ans. Inner join is the intersection of two tables on a particular columns whereas Outer Join is the Union of two tables.

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