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Ans. Abstract classes can have both abstract methods ( method declarations ) as well as concrete methods ( inherited to the derived classes ) whereas Interfaces can only have abstract methods ( method declarations ).
A class can extend single abstract class whereas it can implement multiple interfaces.
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Ans. String pool (String intern pool) is a special storage area in Java heap. When a string is created and if the string already exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned, instead of creating a new object and returning its reference.
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Ans. JDK(Java Development kit) = Development Kit comprising of JVM , library and development tools for developers
JRE (Java Run time Environment) - Comprise of JVM and set of libraries
JVM(Java Virtual Machine) = Interpreter which reads the .class file line by line.
When we install JDK, JRE also get installed so we can write,compile and excute our code. Used by developer. Without JDK we can only execute the program using JRE.
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Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.
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Ans. Comparable interface is used for single sequence sorting i.e.sorting the objects based on single data member where as comparator interface is used to sort the object based on multiple data members.
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Ans. A class is a blue print or Mold using which individual objects are created. A class can contain fields and methods to describe the behavior of an object.
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Ans. Abstract means that the class is only meant to be subclassed whereas final means that it cannot be subclassed so both concepts - abstract and final are actually mutually exclusive and hence not permitted together.
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Ans. Abstract classes provide a mechanism of interfacing ( using abstract method ) as well as inheritance ( extending abstract class ). So they should be used in place of interfaces in case there is some code ( methods ) or object body ( member elements ) that can be reused with inheritance.
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Ans. Yes, it will compile without error. final in this context means that the reference hm cannot be assigned to a new hash map but didn't restrict from changing the state of collection already held by hm.
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