Interview Questions and Answers for 'Solution' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers - Order By Rating

Q31. Which type of projects have you worked on ?

^{This question was recently asked at 'Horizon Solutions'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Q32. How can you extract integers from string values and add (sum it up) all the extracted integers? e.g "James34long4island322in3rdAvenue" ---> 34 4 322 3 = 363

Core Java

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Q33. What are the daily activities of build and release engineer ?

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Q34. Where do you see yourself in next 5 years?

General

Ans. Sample Answers -

Getting better with upcoming technologies and be a Lead developer.

In accordance with the company, working as a permenant employee.

Be an associate architect.

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Q35. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q36. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q37. How to make sure that no request are lost in client server application ?

Solution

Ans. By keeping some sort of storage at the client side for each request and then matching it up against the response received to make sure that the request was well received.

A queue can be used for this purpose.

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Q38. Why do you wan to stay in IT ?

General

Ans. Coding , Science and Mathematics has always fascinated me. I have curious mindset that continuously look for solutions.

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Q39. What is Spring Security ?

Spring

Ans. Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable authentication and access control framework. It is the de facto standard for securing Spring-based applications.

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Q40. When is the situation when finally section won't execute ?

Core Java

Ans. If the process / app is abruptly killed or terminated.

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Q41. Why java doesn't support multiple Inheritance ?

or

Explain Java Diamond Problem.

Core Java

Ans. class A {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

class B {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

Suppose if Java allows multiple inheritance like this,

class C extends A, B {
}

A and B test() methods are inheriting to C class.

So which test() method C class will take? As A & B class test() methods are different , So here we would Facing Ambiguity.

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Frequently asked in Accenture.

Q42. What is your biggest achievement at work ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Frequently asked in high end product companies. Frequently asked in Deloitte.

Q43. How is Hashmap internally implemented in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. https://medium.com/javarevisited/internal-working-of-hashmap-in-java-97aeac3c7beb#:~:text=HashMap%20internally%20uses%20HashTable%20implementation,the%20entries%20into%20the%20map.

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Very Frequently asked to Senior Software Engineers or Developers.

Q44. Describe some of the Design Patterns you have used ?

Design

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q45. Write a Program to check if 2 strings are Anagrams ?

Core Java

Ans. public void checkIfAnagram(String str1,String str2){
boolean anagram = true;
for(char c:str1.toCharArray()){
if(!str2.contains(String.valueOf(c))){
System.out.println("Strings are Anagrams");
anagram = false;
}

if(anagram == true){
System.out.println("Strings are not Anagrams");
}
}
}

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Q46. What is coupling and Cohesion ?

Design

Ans. Coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two modules are or the strength of the relationships between modules.

Cohesion refers to the degree to which the elements of a module belong together. Cohesion measures the strength of relationship between pieces of functionality within a given module.

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Basic and Very Frequently asked.

Q47. What is Polymorphism in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Polymorphism means the condition of occurring in several different forms.

Polymorphism in Java is achieved in two manners

1. Static polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at compile time and is achieved through function overloading whereas

2. Dynamic polymorphism is the polymorphic resolution identified at runtime and is achieved through method overriding.

Sample Code for overloading

Sample Code for overriding

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Frequently asked to fresh graduates.

Q48. What is ACID ?

Database

Ans. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability is a set of properties of database transactions.

Atomicity means all or nothing. i.e parts of a transaction shouldn't commit if any one of them fails. Either the whole transaction should succeed or it should be complete rollback.

Consistency means that any transaction should lead database from one stabe state to another.

Isolation means that the execution of transaction results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially.

Durability means that when a transaction is committed it forms the permanent state of database.

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Q49. What is a Database Trigger ?

Database

Ans. A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically gets executed upon an event in the database server.

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Q50. Difference between GET and POST Requests ?

Web Service

Ans. GET is supposed to get information from the server. Client sends the minimal information so that Server can respond with the response body on basis of request. For example - You want to get complete employment record for employee id 123

POST is supposed to send the information for submission. Payload or a Body is usually sent so that it can be persisted on the server. For example - Sending the complete information of an employee ( id, name , dept etc ) to the server for persisting it.

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Q51. If you are given a choice to have a functionality shared either through dependency or through a Web service, which one will you choose ?

Solution

Ans. Web Service promotes looser coupling but with comes with coding and performance overheads. Jars provide better performance and may be lesser coding but are problematic with update distribution. If the situation doesn't require frequent dependency updates and if it's only read operation of persistence, Having dependencies should be a better choice , otherwise web service.

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All these acronyms JDK,JRE,JVM etc are very frequently asked.

Q52. Difference between JDK and JRE ?

Core Java

Ans. JRE or Java Runtime Environment is the Java Virtual Machine on which class files are executed. It includes borwser plugins that facilitates execution of class files in browsers.

JDK or Java Development Kit includes JRE , compiler and development tools.

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Q53. Can you give a real world example of Encapsulation and Abstraction ?

Core Java

Ans. Car Engine is an example of encapsulation and abstraction. You ignite the car using an interface called starter and least bothered about how the tire actually moves (This is abstraction). The engine encapsulates the complete process to itself only and doesn't allow you to start the other components like the radiator etc ( this is excapsulation )

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This question can be asked in different variants like performace improvement of an application, improving performance for DB communication etc.

Q54. What are the ways in which execution time of the code can be improved ?

Solution

Ans. This depends on entirely upon the code type. For example

1.If its just logic, we can try it to short circuit or put the if / switch case with maximum probability in the beginning.

2. Can use faster data structures, for eg - random retrieval instead of sequence / iterator

3. Working with primitive types or even bytes instead of Objects, even though it may result in marginal improvement.

4. If its service call, then service call with bulk load can help

5. If DB Operation, then with use of Indices , Views or using ORM , cache etc.

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Very frequently asked. Among first few questions in almost all interviews. Among Top 5 frequently asked questions. Frequently asked in Indian service companies (HCL,TCS,Infosys,Capgemini etc based on multiple feedback ) and Epam Systems

Q55. Difference between == and .equals() ?

Core Java

Ans. "equals" is the method of object class which is supposed to be overridden to check object equality, whereas "==" operator evaluate to see if the object handlers on the left and right are pointing to the same object in memory.

x.equals(y) means the references x and y are holding objects that are equal. x==y means that the references x and y have same object.

Sample code:

String x = new String("str");
String y = new String("str");

System.out.println(x == y); // prints false
System.out.println(x.equals(y)); // prints true

Sample Code for equals

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Frequently asked at HCL Technologies ( Based on 3 feedback )

Q56. Difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions ?

Core Java

Ans. Checked exceptions are the exceptions for which compiler throws an errors if they are not checked whereas unchecked exceptions are caught during run time only and hence can't be checked.

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Very frequently asked across all types of companies.

Q57. Difference between HashMap and Hashtable?

Core Java

Ans. Hashtable is synchronized whereas HashMap is not.HashMap allows null values whereas Hashtable doesnt allow null values.

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Frequently asked in all types of companies especially Indian Services companies. Frequently asked in CTS (Based on 2 feedback)

Q58. What is the use of hashcode in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Hashcode is used for bucketing in Hash implementations like HashMap, HashTable, HashSet etc. The value received from hashcode() is used as bucket number for storing elements. This bucket number is the address of the element inside the set/map. when you do contains() then it will take the hashcode of the element, then look for the bucket where hashcode points to and if more than 1 element is found in the same bucket (multiple objects can have the same hashcode) then it uses the equals() method to evaluate if object are equal, and then decide if contain() is true or false, or decide if element could be added in the set or not.

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Advanced level question. Frequently asked in High end product companies. Frequently asked in Google , Cognizant and Deloitte ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q59. Why is String immutable in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. String Pool - When a string is created and if it exists in the pool, the reference of the existing string will be returned instead of creating a new object. If string is not immutable, changing the string with one reference will lead to the wrong value for the other references.

Example -

String str1 = "String1";
String str2 = "String1"; // It doesn't create a new String and rather reuses the string literal from pool

// Now both str1 and str2 pointing to same string object in pool, changing str1 will change it for str2 too

2. To Cache its Hashcode - If string is not immutable, One can change its hashcode and hence it's not fit to be cached.

3. Security - String is widely used as parameter for many java classes, e.g. network connection, opening files, etc. Making it mutable might possess threats due to interception by the other code segment.

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Advanced level question usually asked in High end product companies. Have been asked in Google and Amazon (Based on 1 Feedback)

Q60. Describe, in general, how java's garbage collector works ?

Core Java

Ans. The Java runtime environment deletes objects when it determines that they are no longer being used. This process is known as garbage collection. The Java runtime environment supports a garbage collector that periodically frees the memory used by objects that are no longer needed. The Java garbage collector is a mark-sweep garbage collector that scans Java dynamic memory areas for objects, marking those that are referenced. After all possible paths to objects are investigated, those objects that are not marked (i.e. are not referenced) are known to be garbage and are collected.

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