Interview Questions and Answers for 'Tata consultancy' | Search Interview Question

Interview Questions and Answers for 'Tata consultancy' - 97 question(s) found - Order By Rating

Q1. What is Message Queue or MQ ?

Ans. Message queues implement an asynchronous communication pattern between two or more processes/threads whereby the sending and receiving party do not need to interact with the message queue at the same time. Messages placed onto the queue are stored until the recipient retrieves them. Message queues have implicit or explicit limits on the size of data that may be transmitted in a single message and the number of messages that may remain outstanding on the queue.

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Q2. Why Spring boot is preferred over Spring MVC ?

Ans. Spring Boot aims to shorten the code length and provide you with the easiest way to develop a web application. It helps create a stand-alone application with less or almost zero-configuration.

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Q3. Give an example of a time when you recommended code changes in a code review that simplified the code ?

Code Review

Ans. If there is a situation to remove duplicates values from an arrayList. Developer implemented using legacy for-loop where I suggested to use Linked hash set to remove duplicates from the list.

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Q4. Give specific situation about when to go for constructor based injection and setter based injection in spring.

Spring

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Q5. What is the concept of hibernate versioning ?

Hibernate

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Q6. What are inline functions ?

Programming Language

Ans. Inline functions , just like C++ Macros is an optimized technique used by compiler to reduce the execution time. If the function is working on pre identified values ( which aren't resolved at runtime ), the function can execute the method and evaluate the outcome at compile time only instead of making a function call at runtime.

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Q7. What is @EnableSptringMVC ?

Spring

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Q8. Isnt the use of HashTable and ConcurrentHashMap the same, i.e providing synchronized map collection ?

Core Java

Ans. Both provide the thread safety but the actual difference come when talk about performance. CHM gives best performance when no of writer threads are less in number.

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Q9. What is TypeCasting ?

Core Java

Ans. Assigning a value of one type to a variable of another type is known as Type Casting.

Example :

int x = 10;
byte y = (byte)x;

In Java, type casting is classified into two types, Widening Casting(Implicit) widening-type-conversion and Narrowing Casting (Explicitly done) narrowing-type-conversion.

Widening or Automatic type converion - Automatic Type casting take place when,the two types are compatible and the target type is larger than the source type

Example :

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 100;
long l = i; //no explicit type casting required
float f = l;//no explicit type casting required
System.out.println("Int value " i);
System.out.println("Long value " l);
System.out.println("Float value " f);
}
}

Narrowing or Explicit type conversion - When you are assigning a larger type value to a variable of smaller type, then you need to perform explicit type casting.

Example :

public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
double d = 100.04;
long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting required
int i = (int)l;//explicit type casting required
System.out.println("Double value " d);
System.out.println("Long value " l);
System.out.println("Int value " i);
}
}

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Q10. Difference between == and === ?

JavaScript

Ans. == compares values === is used in scripting languages for comparing two values as well as there data tpe. like in js,php.

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Q11. Write code to sort an array.

Algorithm

Ans. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/arrays-sort-in-java-with-examples/

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Q12. Why do you want to leave your current job ?

General

Ans. The most effective and acceptable reasons for leaving your current job should be positive e.g. moving forward in your life or career

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Q13. How do you fetch the records form database ?

Database

Ans. To fetch records from a database, you would use SELECT statements

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Q14. What are the problems one could face while working with serverless technologies like AWS Lambda ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Warm up time for certain technologies like Java ( JVM Warmup )

Performance

Size of Deployable ( Bigger size packaging should go in S3 )

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Q15. What is collection framework in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. The Java collections framework (JCF) is a set of classes and interfaces that implement commonly reusable collection data structures. Although referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a library. The JCF provides both interfaces that define various collections and classes that implement them.

Sample Code for Map

Sample Code for HashMap

Sample Code for Treemap

Sample Code for set

Sample Code for hashset

Sample Code for treeset

Sample Code for list

Sample Code for arraylist

Sample Code for linkedlist

Sample Code for queue

Sample Code for priorityqueue

Sample Code for concurrenthashmap

Sample Code for vector

Sample Code for stack

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Q16. Explain OOps concepts.

Core Java

Ans. There are four main OOP concepts in Java. These are:

Abstraction. Abstraction means using simple things to represent complexity. We all know how to turn the TV on, but we don?t need to know how it works in order to enjoy it. In Java, abstraction means simple things like objects, classes, and variables represent more complex underlying code and data. This is important because it lets avoid repeating the same work multiple times.

Encapsulation. This is the practice of keeping fields within a class private, then providing access to them via public methods. It?s a protective barrier that keeps the data and code safe within the class itself. This way, we can re-use objects like code components or variables without allowing open access to the data system-wide.

Inheritance. This is a special feature of Object Oriented Programming in Java. It lets programmers create new classes that share some of the attributes of existing classes. This lets us build on previous work without reinventing the wheel.

Polymorphism. This Java OOP concept lets programmers use the same word to mean different things in different contexts. One form of polymorphism in Java is method overloading. That?s when different meanings are implied by the code itself. The other form is method overriding. That?s when the different meanings are implied by the values of the supplied variables. See more on this below.

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Q17. What is abstraction ?

Design

Ans. Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and describing only the functionality to the user.

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Q18. What are annotations and what are it's advantages ?

Core Java

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Q19. Which immutable classes have you worked with ? Can you name some immutable Collections ? How to make an immutable collection ?

Core Java

Ans. string and wrapper class objects

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Q20. Explain OOPs

or

Explain OOPs Principles

or

Explain OOPs Concepts

or

Explain OOPs features

or

Tell me something about OOPs

Core Java

Ans. OOPs or Object Oriented Programming is a Programming model which is organized around Objects instead of processes. Instead of a process calling series of processes, this model stresses on communication between objects. Objects that all self sustained, provide security by encapsulating it's members and providing abstracted interfaces over the functions it performs. OOP's facilitate the following features

1. Inheritance for Code Reuse
2. Abstraction for modularity, maintenance and agility
3. Encapsulation for security and protection
4. Polymorphism for flexibility and interfacing

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Q21. What is Amazon EC2 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud or EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS cloud. It can be used to create Virtual Environments , storage and configure. EC2 enables to upgrade or downgrade infrastructure according to the rules defined ( with fluctuation in latency, traffic etc )

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Q22. If an Abstract class has only abstract methods, What's the difference between such a class and an interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Such a class still can have member elements which can be inherited and hence facilitate code reuse. Moreover Abstract class can have non final static elements whereas interfaces are only allowed to have static final elements.

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Frequently asked Spring interview question.

Q23. What are the components of Spring framework ?

Spring

Ans. Core: [Core, Bean, Context, Expression Language]

Web: [Web, Portlet, Servlet, etc]

Data Access [JMS, JDBC, etc]

AOP, Aspect

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Q24. What is the difference between authentication and authorization ?

Authentication

Ans. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity and credentials of the user to authenticate him into the system.

whereas

Authorization is the process by which access to a segment , method or resource is determined.

Authorization is usually a step next to authentication.

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q25. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q26. Scale yourself on Java on the scale of 1 to 10

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

The objective of the question is to check how efficient one is in the language so that appropriate level questions are asked. Don't tell too high number if you are being interviewed for a junior or mid level position as the interviewer may throw advance level questions.

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Q27. What is an exception and exception handling in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. An Exception in java is the occurrence during computation that is anomalous and is not expected.

Exception handling is the mechanism which is used to handle such situations.

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Q28. What is database Normalization ?

Database

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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Q29. Difference between Array and ArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. <a href="http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html" rel="nofollow">http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html</a>

Sample Code for ArrayList

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Q30. What is a web service ?

Java EE

Ans. A Web service is a service offered by one system to another, for communication over web through http. XML are JSON are usually used for sending across information from one system to another.

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