Interview Questions and Answers - Basic Level | Search Interview Question

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Usually asked to entry level software developers.

Q91. Write a program to swap two variables without using third

Core Java

Ans. public static void main(String[] args) {
   int num1 = 1;
   int num2 = 2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   num2 = num1^num2;
   num1 = num1^num2;
   System.out.print("num1 = " + num1 +", num2 = "+num2);
}

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Q92. What is a class and object ?

or

How would you explain a fresher the concept of class and object in simple terms ?

Core Java

Ans. Class is a template using which objects are created in memory. It's kind of a mold using which objects with body / state are made.

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Q93. What is a Servlet Filter ?

Java EE

Ans. It's an object that can intercept http request and response and hence we can take appropriate action on those requests.

There are different types of filters based on Specifications like

Authentication
Logging
Encryption
Tokenizing

etc

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Q94. Which Web and Application server is being used by your application ?

Server

Ans. We are using Apache 2.3 and Tomcat 5.6

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Q95. Difference between shallow copy and object cloning ?

Core Java

Ans. Shallow copy is one of the way for object cloning, other being deep copy.

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Q96. What is the default value of a declared object reference ?

Core Java

Ans. Null

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Q97. Does importing a package imports all its sub packages too ?

Core Java

Ans. No, but we can use wild card (*) to do so

For example -

import java.util.*

will import all packages with name starting with java.util

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Q98. Which environment variables do we need to set in order to run Java programs?

Core Java

Ans. PATH, CLASSPATH and JAVA_HOME

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Q99. Explain various Searching and Sorting Algorithms ?

Algorithm

^{This question was recently asked at 'HeadStrong,ServiceNow'.This question is still unanswered. Can you please provide an answer.}

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked in this format or as difference with interfaces / concrete classes.

Q100. What is an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract class is the class that is not supposed to be instantiated. The purpose of the class to only have extension to the derived class.

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Q101. Create a Class Bank with the methods to deposit and Withdraw ?

Core Java

Ans. class Bank {
int balance;

Bank(){
balance = 0;
}

void deposit(int amount){
balance = balance amount;
}

int withdraw(int amount){
balance = balance - amount;
return balance;
}
}

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Q102. Why main method is declared static ?

Core Java

Ans. static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object and using class name only. Making it non static would like creation of object upfront before calling the method.

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Q103. What is the use of static keyword in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. static keyword is used to specify that the respective programming construct ( method , variable ) belongs to the class and not to its instance and is supposed to be shared by all instances of the class.

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Frequently asked in Cognizant ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q104. What are Inner , Outer , Left and Right Joins in SQL ?

Database

Ans. Inner join is the intersection of two tables on the condition defined by the where clause i.e will get records from both tables matched by a column.

Outer join is the union of two tables i.e will get all records from both tables and will put null in the columns where related records are not present.

Left Outer join is the left union of two tables i.e all records from the table on the left and values from the right table for related records else null for the columns from right table.

Right Outer join is the right union of two tables i.e all records from the table on the right and values from the left table for related records else null for the columns from left table.

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Q105. What is an exception and exception handling in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. An Exception in java is the occurrence during computation that is anomalous and is not expected.

Exception handling is the mechanism which is used to handle such situations.

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Q106. What is MAC Address ?

Networking

Ans. A media access control address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

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Q107. Why java doesn't support multiple Inheritance ?

or

Explain Java Diamond Problem.

Core Java

Ans. class A {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

class B {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

Suppose if Java allows multiple inheritance like this,

class C extends A, B {
}

A and B test() methods are inheriting to C class.

So which test() method C class will take? As A & B class test() methods are different , So here we would Facing Ambiguity.

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Q108. Which class is the root class of all Exceptions in Java ?

Ans. Throwable

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Q109. Does java supports operator overloading ?

Core Java

Ans. No

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Q110. What is Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.

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Q111. What are Collection Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections in java is a framework of classes that provides an abstracted data structure to store and manipulate the group of objects. Each class is unique in the way it stores , search , sort and modify the elements.

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Q112. Which method of String class is used to convert Boolean to String ?

Core Java

Ans. toString() is an overloaded method of String class that is used to convert many data types to String, Boolean being one of them.

toString(Boolean bool)

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Q113. Difference between Error and Exception ?

Core Java

Ans. An Error indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch whereas

An Exception indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch.

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Q114. Difference between Array and ArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. <a href="http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html" rel="nofollow">http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/03/difference-between-array-and-arraylist-in-java-example.html</a>

Sample Code for ArrayList

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Q115. What is the difference between http and https ?

Java EE

Ans. https encrypts the data using SSL whereas http sends it as plain text, So https is secure protocol whereas http is not.

Moreover https connects on port 443, while HTTP is on port 80

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Q116. What is a web service ?

Java EE

Ans. A Web service is a service offered by one system to another, for communication over web through http. XML are JSON are usually used for sending across information from one system to another.

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Q117. Write a Program to check if 2 strings are Anagrams ?

Core Java

Ans. public void checkIfAnagram(String str1,String str2){
boolean anagram = true;
for(char c:str1.toCharArray()){
if(!str2.contains(String.valueOf(c))){
System.out.println("Strings are Anagrams");
anagram = false;
}

if(anagram == true){
System.out.println("Strings are not Anagrams");
}
}
}

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Q118. Can there be a Thread without a Process ?

Core Java

Ans. No.

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Q119. Have you ever had any conflict with the team member (like disagreement on some design decision ) and How you reacted to it ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

This is a very sensitive question and should be dealt with caution. Just simply saying that you never had any disagreement will present you as dumb team member. Showing your self as too aggressive in such decisions will present you as a trouble maker. You should present a situation where you had an argument / disagreement but eventually you and your team mates mutually found a way out of it.

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Q120. Difference beween HashSet and TreeSet ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. HashSet doesnt maintain its elements in any specific order and is all random whereas TreeSet maintains elements in natural order 9 order defined by the equals method of TreeSet element type )

2. TreeSet doesnt allow null elements whereas HashMap does.

3. As TreeSet orders elements and is hence insertion is comparatively slower.

4. HashSet performs basic operations like add(), remove(), contains(), size() etc. in a constant size time. A TreeSet performs these operations at the order of log(n) time.

5. HashMap in Java internally backs a HashSet. A NavigableMap backs a TreeSet internally.

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