Core Java - Interview Questions and Answers for 'Classe' | Search Interview Question

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Q11. What are the different types of inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Simple Inner Class,
Local Inner Class,
Anonymous Inner Class,
Static Nested Inner Class.

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Q12. Difference between Abstract and Concrete Class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract classes are only meant to be sub classed and not meant to be instantiated whereas concrete classes are meant to be instantiated.

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Q13. Explain Autoboxing ?

Core Java

Ans. Autoboxing is the automatic conversion that the Java compiler makes between the primitive types and their corresponding object wrapper classes

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Q14. What are the Disadvantages of using Collection Classes over Arrays ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections can only hold objects, It can't hold primitive data types.

Collections have performance overheads as they deal with objects and offer dynamic memory expansion. This dynamic expansion could be a bigger overhead if the collection class needs consecutive memory location like Vectors.

Collections doesn't allow modification while traversal as it may lead to concurrentModificationException.

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Q15. In which cases , moving methods to utility class could be useful ?

Core Java

Ans. It could be worthy to move a method to util class if the method needs to be shared, doesn't require polymorphic behavior and need not be overridden in special cases.

Don't belong to one group through is-a relationship ( You can share through parent class method )

Don't implement a specific interface ( java 8 default methods )

Doesn't involve complex computing as you will be loosing the benefit of object state with just static method.

Doesn't require polymorphic behavior as static methods don't participate in runtime polymorphism.

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Q16. Which access specifier can be used with Class ?

Core Java

Ans. For top level class we can only use "public" and "default". We can use private with inner class.

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Q17. Difference between boolean and Boolean ?

Core Java

Ans. boolean is a primitive type whereas Boolean is a class.

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Q18. What are Wrapper Classes ? What are Primitive Wrapper Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. A wrapper class is any class which "wraps" or "encapsulates" the functionality of another class or component. A Wrapper Class that wraps or encapsulates the primitive data type is called Primitive Wrapper Class.

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Q19. What Design pattern Wrapper Classes implement ?

Design

Ans. Adapter.

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Q20. Difference between nested and inner classes ?

Ans. Inner class is a type of nested class.

Inner classes are non static nested classes i.e the one that are associated with the instance of outer class.

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Q21. What is a nested interface ?

Ans. Any interface declared inside a class or an interface. It is static by default.

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Q22. What are the design considerations while making a choice between using interface and abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. Keep it as a Abstract Class if its a "Is a" Relationsship and should do subset/all of the functionality. Keep it as Interface if its a "Should Do" relationship.

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Q23. Advantage of Collection classes over Arrays ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections are re-sizable in nature. We can increase or decrease the size as per recruitment.
Collections can hold both homogeneous and heterogeneous data's.
Every collection follows some standard data structures.
Collection provides many useful built in methods for traversing,sorting and search.

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Q24. What are the restrictions for the entity classes ?

Hibernate

Ans. 1. Entity classes should have default constructor.

2. Entity classes should be declared non final.

3. All elements to be persisted should be declared private and should have public getters and setters in the Java Bean style.

4. All classes should have an ID that maps to Primary Key for the table.

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Q25. Which of the following cannot be marked static ?

a. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes ( nested ), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
b. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Class variables , Class Methods , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
c. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.
d. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Classes (Nested), Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables

Ans. Constructors , Classes ( Outer ) , Interfaces , Local variables , Inner Class methods and instance variables.

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Q26. Explain use of nested or inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Sometime we just need classes or class objects just to be used as part of a particular class or objects. Making them non nested won't make any difference as far as functionality is concerner but making them Nested provide a level of convenience and protection fro, being used anywhere else. Moreover it helps reducing the Code.

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Q27. What is the benefit of inner / nested classes ?

Core Java

Ans. You can put related classes together as a single logical group.

Nested classes can access all class members of the enclosing class, which might be useful in certain cases.

Nested classes are sometimes useful for specific purposes. For example, anonymous inner classes are useful for writing simpler event-handling code with AWT/Swing.

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Q28. Explain Static nested Classes ?

Ans. The accessibility (public, protected, etc.) of the static nested class is defined by the outer class.

A static nested class is not an inner class, it's a top-level nested class.

The name of the static nested class is expressed with OuterClassName.NestedClassName syntax.

When you define an inner nested class (or interface) inside an interface, the nested class is declared implicitly public and static.

Static nested classes can be declared abstract or final.

Static nested classes can extend another class or it can be used as a base class.

Static nested classes can have static members.

Static nested classes can access the members of the outer class (only static members, obviously).

The outer class can also access the members (even private members) of the nested class through an object of nested class. If you don't declare an instance of the nested class, the outer class cannot access nested class elements directly.

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Q29. Explain Inner Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. The accessibility (public, protected, etc.) of the inner class is defined by the outer class.

Just like top-level classes, an inner class can extend a class or can implement interfaces.

Similarly, an inner class can be extended by other classes, and an inner interface can be implemented or extended by other classes or interfaces.

An inner class can be declared final or abstract.Inner classes can have inner classes, but you will have a hard time reading or understanding such complex nesting of classes.

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Q30. Explain Method Local Inner Classes ?

Core Java

Ans. You can create a non-static local class inside a body of code. Interfaces cannot have local classes, and you cannot create local interfaces.

Local classes are accessible only from the body of the code in which the class is defined. The local classes are completely inaccessible outside the body of the code in which the class is defined.

You can extend a class or implement interfaces while defining a local class.

A local class can access all the variables available in the body of the code in which it is defined. You can pass only final variables to a local inner class.

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Q31. Explain about anonymous inner classes ?

Core Java

Ans. Anonymous classes are defined in the new expression itself, so you cannot create multiple objects of an anonymous class.

You cannot explicitly extend a class or explicitly implement interfaces when defining an anonymous class.

An anonymous inner class is always created as part of a statement; don't forget to close the statement after the class definition with a curly brace. This is a rare case in Java, a curly brace followed by a semicolon.

Anonymous inner classes have no name, and their type must be either a subclass of the named type or an implementer of the named interface

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Q32. Can we compare Integers by using equals() in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes for the Wrapper class Integer but not for the primitive int.

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Q33. Can we declare Entity class as final ?

Hibernate

Ans. Yes but as Hibernate creates the Proxy Classes inherited from the Entity Classes to communicate with Database for lazy initialization. Declaring entity classes as final will prohibit communication with database lazily and hence will be a performance hit.

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Q34. What will the following code do ?

String dateStr = "2011 11 19";
DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = dateFormat.parse(dateStr);
System.out.println(date);

Ans. It will throw the ParseException as the date format doesn't abide with the format of the specified date.

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Q35. Is this valid in Java ?

Long x = new Long ("42");

Core Java

Ans. Yes. Long wrapper class has overloaded constructor which takes String as input and then translate it to the long value and stored it as long.

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Q36. Will this Code compile ?

abstract public class BuggyBread1{
abstract public void test(){};
}

Core Java

Ans. No. This will give a compilation error saying "Abstract methods do not specify a body".

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Q37. Can we have multiple classes in single file ?

Ans. Yes, but there can be only 1 public class in a single file.

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Q38. Which of the following is not type of inner classes ?

a. Simple Inner Class
b. Static Nested Inner Class
c. Method Nested Static Inner Class
d. Anonymous Inner Class

Ans. Method Nested Static Inner Class

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Must know at all levels. Among Top 10 frequently asked questions in Java. Very frequently asked to fresh graduates or less experienced professionals.

Q39. What is Inheritance ?

Core Java

Ans. Its a facility for code reuse and independent extension wherein a derived class inherits the properties of parent class.

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Q40. What is a Java Bean ? How is it different from other Java classes ?

Ans. A Java bean is a class which abides by following conventions:

Core of the object is member elements and not operations ( methods )

Member Elements can be accessed by getters (and setters if those properties are not read-only).

serializable.

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