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Ans. Which group of bytes represent which character is defined by character encoding. So when reading character by character from a stream of bytes using Reader, specifying character encoding becomes significant as the same group of bytes can represent different character in different character encoding(Eg UTF-8 and UTF-16 etc.)
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Ans. It's an operating system file that maps IP address to host names. The hosts file assists the OS in addressing networked components and serves the function of translating human friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses, called IP addresses, that identify and locate a host in an IP network.
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Ans. Optimizing Resource utilization. When you open a file using any programming language , that is actually a request to operating system to access the file. When such a request is made , resources are allocated by the OS. When you gracefully close those files, those resources are set free.
In Java if you don’t close the streams and files, Garbage collection identifies the open files which have lost the reference and hence will close them.
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Ans. import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.io.*;
public class Common {
public static void main(String ar[])throws Exception
{
File f=new File("a.txt");
File f1=new File("x.java");
System.out.println(f.exists());
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
FileInputStream fin1 = new FileInputStream(f1);
Ans. Buffer is cleared in 2 circumstances, i.e 1. naturally when the buffer is filled and 2. explicitly when the method flush is called ( for flushing the residual )
Ideally we just need to call flush once at the end of file writing so that the residual content should be dumped to file.
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Q24. Tell something about BufferedWriter ? What are flush() and close() used for ?
Ans. BufferedWriter is temporary source for data storage.BufferedWriter is used to write character data to the file.Flush() is method available in B.W which ensures that all data items are written to file including last character.Close() is used to closes the character output stream.
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Ans. Scanner class introduced in Java 1.5 for reading Data Stream from the imput device. Previously we used to write code to read a input using DataInputStream. After reading the stream , we can convert into respective data type using in.next() as String ,in.nextInt() as integer, in.nextDouble() as Double etc
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Ans. Spring configuration file is an XML file. This file contains the classes information and describes how these classes are configured and introduced to each other.
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